Viruses
Infectious Particles
Fungi
Taxonomy
100
All viruses have a _________ made of a identical protein subunits called _______ which coats and protects their nucleic acid.
What is a capsid made of capsomers?
100
The scrapie prion protein serves as a ____________ and causes a ________ change in normal protein.
What is a template that causes a conformational change in normal protein?
100
___% of fungi are pathogenic. The rest are ______.
What is 30% and saprophytic?
100
Two organisms are in the same Division, does that mean that they are definitely in the same Order?
No!
200
A naked virus enters a cell through _________ or __________ and leaves a cell through ___________.
What is entry through direct penetration/injection or endocytosis, and leaving through lysis?
200
The step eliminated in cattle feed production that led to Mad Cow Disease (BSE) in 1981.
What was treatment with organic solvents?
200
The microscopic morphology of fungi that form pseudohyphae and undergo asexual reproduction only.
What are yeast?
200
The kind of testing used during the case of Mycobacterium foruitum, which allowed them to discover the bacteria was coming from tap water and growing in the nutrient rich tubs.
What is restriction enzymes on gel electrophoresis?
300
_________ is a virophage which infects the _________ virus.
What is the Sputnik virophage that infects the Mamavirus?
300
List at least two things prions are resistant to and two things they are sensitive to.
What are... (any 2 of those below)
-Resistant to= formaldehyde, ethanol, proteases (enzymes), ionizing radiation, and cooking/heat up to 662F
-Sensitive to= bleach, phenol, strong detergents, autoclaving, organic solvents
300
List the fungi discussed in lecture which causes a kind of cutaneous mycoses and the specific diseases it causes.
What is Trichphyton sp. which causes tineas/ring worm (tinea corporis, tinea pedis, tinea cruris, tinea captisis, etc)?
300
You are analyzing nucleic acid base composition. Bacteria one has the same melting point as bacteria three. What does this tell us about the relationship of bacteria one and three?
They could be the same bacteria BUT further testing is required!
400
List the 5 steps that must occur for phage replication.
What is adsorption/attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation, and release?
400
One of the following is NOT a virus: phage, viroid, or virophage. Explain why it is not a virus.
What is viroid, because it is soley composed of circular ssRNA and lacks a capsid?
400
List the three fungi discussed in class which produce mycotoxins and the toxin they produce.
What are...
-Aspergillus flavus producing aflaxtoxins
-Claviceps purpurea producing ergot alkaloids causing Ergotism/St. Anthony's Fire
-Stachybotrys sp. producing tricothecenes
400
You are phage typing and you see an identical pattern of plaques when comparing two petri dishes. Describe what this indicates and what plaques are.
What is...
-Identical plaques --> same strain of bacteria
-Plaques= holes in the lawn bacteria because the phage was able to enter the bacterial cell and do lysis
500
The kind of virus that begins translation immediately with a host ribosome because it already looks like mRNA.
What are +ssRNA viruses?
500
List and describe the three prion diseases discussed in lecture.
What is Kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD and vCJD), and Bovine Spongioform Encephalopathy?
500
List the four beneficial fungi discussed in class. Describe them.
What are Mycorrhizae, Aspergillus oryaze, Pencillium sp., and Cephalosporium sp.?
-Mycorrhizae= helps make water and nutrients available to plant roots
-Aspergillus oryaze= used in the industrial production of soy sauce
-Penicillium sp.= produces the antibiotic pencillin
-Cephalosporium sp.= produces the antibiotic cephalosporin
500
You are analyzing nucleic acid base composition. Bacteria one has a higher melting point than bacteria two. What does this tell us about bacteria one's base composition?
Bacteria one has a higher guanine and cytosine percentage (C+G%) than bacteria two. They are not the same the bacteria.