Chapter 6
A drug that slows down central nervous system activity while increasing the activity of the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.
What is a depressant?
Interference that occurs when previously learned information interferes with the learning of new information
What is Proactive interference?
Two types of conditioning
What are classical and operant?
The term used to describe an image or idea in the mind that stands for an external object
What is mental representation?
The ability to generate original ideas or develop a novel solution to a problem
What is divergent thinking?
Variations in physiological processes that cycle within approximately a 24-hour period
What is a circadian rhythm?
The form of memory that recalls the experiences one has had
What is episodic memory?
The removal of a stimulus after a behavior to increase the frequency of that behavior
What is negative reinforcement?
The idea that language as words and letters has no real connection between sounds and ideas.
What is meant by symbolic language?
A thought or behavior that is both novel (original) and meaningful.
What is creativity?
The ability to filter out auditory stimuli, refocus attention on something more meaningful
What is the cocktail party affect?
The region of the brain that plays part in attention, appropriate social behavior, impulse control, and working memory.
What is the prefrontal cortex?
The process of changing behavior by manipulating the consequences of behavior
What is operant conditioning?
Cognitive skills that includes abstract thinking, reasoning, problem solving, and the ability to acquire knowledge.
What is intelligence?
Applies to tests that measure the concept it claims to measure.
What is construct validity?
The ability to focus awareness on specific features in the environment
What is sustained attention?
The deepest level of processing.
What is semantic processing?
The extension of the association between the unconditioned and the conditioned stimulus
What is stimulus generation?
Shortcuts used to make complex and uncertain decisions and judgments
What are heuristics?
Theory of intelligence that says different aspects of intelligence are distinct and numerous abilities must be considered.
What is multiple factor theory?
Refers to a phenomenon of failing to notice unexpected objects in ones surroundings
What is inattentional blindness?
Memory loss caused by brain injury or disease
What is amnesia?
Used to decrease the frequency of a behavior.
What are punishers?
Brain cells fire when one performs or observes another person do an identical task
What are mirror neurons?
Intelligence that utilizes raw mental ability and abstract reasoning.
What is fluid intelligence?