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DNA
Cell Cycle
Mitosis
Meiosis
Punnett Squares
100
What is the purpose of DNA
DNA is our genetic material providing the instructions for all of our cells, also allows for traits to pass from our parents to us
100
What are the 3 components of cell theory?
All organisms are made up of one or more cells All the life functions of an organism occur within cells All cells come from preexisting cells
100
What is the purpose of mitosis?
division of the nucleus into 2 nuclei, each with the same number of chromosomes, forming 2 identical daughter cells!
100
What is the purpose of meiosis
To produce 4 unique haploid daughter cells
100
Define Phenotype
What is physical expression
200
What is the structure of DNA
Double helix, sugar phosphate backbone with nitrogenous bases
200
What is the cell cycle?
The cell cycle is the process by which cells grow, replicate, and divide AKA go from one cell to 2 cells
200
In what cells does Mitosis occur?
All of our somatic (body) cells
200
What kind of cells are made from Meiosis?
Sperm and Egg, called the gametes
200
Define genotype
What is genetic code
300
Where is the majority of our DNA located in our cells?
The majority of our DNA is in our cell’s nucleus however some of it is located in our mitocondria which we saw contains our CO1 gene
300
Why is the cell cycle important? What does it control and manage?
The cell cycle is important because it is the way all new cells in the body are produced. The cell cycle controls how often new cells are made. The cell cycle and mitosis are important for growth and repair.
300
Why does mitosis occur?
So each new daughter cell has nucleus with a complete set of chromosomes
300
What does crossing over allow for?
Allows for new genetic variations to be created, by homologous chromosomes touching and exchanging segments of DNA
300
Define gene
What is a segment of DNA that codes for a particular physical trait
400
What is the complimentary sequence to this piece of DNA: AAAAATTGCGTAGC
TTTTTAACGCATCG
400
Why do cells need to divide?
To replace dead and damaged cells Allows for living organisms to grow
400
If a cell with 28 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes will the 2 daughter cells have?
28 chromosomes
400
Why is having the correct number of chromosomes important in meiosis?
To ensure that after fertilization the embryo has the correct number of chromosomes, a full complete set of DNA.
400
What is an allele
What is a version of a gene, either dominant or recessive
500
What are chromosomes
DNA and proteins which form before our cell is going to divide, chromosomes can be thought of as the units in which our cells store our DNA
500
What occurs in each of the following stages of the cell cycle? Gap 1 phase = Synthesis phase = Gap 2 phase = Mitosis phase =
Gap 1 phase = Cell growth begins Synthesis phase = Chromosomes divide and duplicate Gap 2 phase = The cell completes growing Mitosis phase = Cell division actually takes place
500
At what phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell?
What is Anaphase
500
How does meiosis not occurring correctly explain Down Syndrome?
The chromosome number is incorrect in one of the gametes, so there is either a sperm or egg with 2 copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual 1 copy. When the sperm and egg fuse together during fertilization, the embryo now has 47 chromosomes, and 3 copies of chromosome 21, resulting in down syndrome
500
What is a Dominant allele?
An allele that masks the recessive allele