Anatomy & Medical Terminology
What structures transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
Ureters
Define systolic vs. diastolic blood pressure.
Systolic: Pressure during heart contraction Diastolic: Pressure during heart relaxation
Why can airway obstruction occur more easily in children than in adults?
Children have smaller airways that swell more easily
What lung condition most likely causes elevated CO₂ levels? COPD
COPD
Which part of SAMPLE history does “allergy to penicillin” fall under?
A – Allergies
What bone is fractured if a patient has a calcaneal fracture?
Heel bone
What two components make up cardiac output?
Heart rate × stroke volume
Through which organ is carbon dioxide primarily excreted?
Lungs
What airway sound indicates swelling in the pharynx or larynx?
Stridor
In OPQRST, what type of question falls under P (provocation/palliation)?
“What makes it better or worse?”
What does the medical term plantar refer to?
Bottom of the foot
Why does shock eventually cause cell death if left untreated?
Cells are deprived of oxygen and nutrients
When assisting a patient with an albuterol inhaler, how should you check if their condition is improving? Reassess lung sounds, respiratory effort, and breathing rate.
Reassess lung sounds, respiratory effort, and breathing rate
Define compliance in terms of breathing.
How easily the lungs expand
When assessing a patient’s pulse and it is irregular, how long should you count beats to be accurate?
Full 60 seconds
What anatomical plane divides the body into right and left halves?
Sagittal plane
How does dropping systolic blood pressure affect tissue oxygenation?
Less pressure → poor perfusion → decreased oxygen delivery
What sound is most commonly caused by bronchiole constriction?
Wheezing
What is airway resistance, and how does it affect breathing?
Resistance to airflow; increased resistance makes breathing harder.
What pupil presentation is most consistent with narcotic overdose?
Pinpoint pupils
A patient with hepatomegaly has an issue with what organ?
Liver
Define preload and afterload.
Preload: Blood returning to the heart
Afterload: Resistance the heart pumps against
Describe minute ventilation.
Amount of air moved in one minute (tidal volume × respiratory rate)
50. Which step must be taken before applying a pulse oximeter to ensure accurate results?
Ensure the finger is clean, warm, and free of nail polish.
Which patient positions correspond to Fowler’s?
Fowler’s: Sitting upright