Ch. 25: DNA Structure and Gene Expression
Which nitrogenous base is unique to DNA?
thymine (T)
What is the sequence of stages in mitosis?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What are the 4 phases of cellular respiration? (in order)
1. Glycolysis
2. Preparatory Reaction
3. Citric Acid Cycle
4. Electron Transport Chain
What are the two sets of reactions for photosynthesis?
Light reactions and Calvin Cycle reactions
The individual(s) creditied with the discovery of the structure of DNA is (are)
James Watson and Francis Crick
During which stage do homologous chromosomes separate from each other?
anaphase I (meiosis)
What are the two coenzymes in cellular respiration and what do they do?
NAD+ and FAD
Pick up and carry electrons in the intermembrane space and bring them to the electron transport chain.
The substance that initially traps solar energy in photosynthesis is
Chlorophyll or a pigment complex
Where does transcription take place and what is occurring?
In the nucleus; gene is serving as a template to produce a new RNA molecule.
What will occur at the G2 checkpoint if DNA is damaged?
apoptosis (programmed cell death)
What are the final products of glycolysis?
pyruvate, ATP, and NADH
Water is split and hydrogen is released in the
Noncyclic electron pathway
What type of gene mutation is present in the following sequences?
Normal: TACGGCATG
New: TAGGCATG
deletion mutation
Which type of gene, when abnormally activated so that proteins is always present and active, can result in cancer?
proto-oncogenes
What is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
Oxygen
NADPH and ATP are used in the
Calvin Cycle Reactions
What are 4 examples of mutations?
Errors in replication, mutagens, transposons, and viruses.
Explain the process of meiosis I and draw each step on the board.
Prophase I: Homologous chromosomes come together by synapsis and crossing-over occurs.
Metaphase I: Homologous chromosomes line up in the middle and independent assortment occurs.
Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell.
Telophase I: Nuclear envelope starts to reform and two daughter cells are haploid.
The production of ATP as a result of an electrochemical gradient is called
Chemiosmosis
What is the name of the enzyme that fixes carbon dioxide during photosynthesis?
RuBP Carboxylase