How an enzyme affects a reaction to speed it up ( catalyze it ).
What is Lowering the activation energy.
100
The end of the newly forming DNA strand that nucleotides are added to.
What is the 3' end ( with the free OH group)
100
DNA is transcribed to RNA which is translated to Protein
What is the Central Dogma
100
The four components necessary for translation.
What are mRNA, tRNA, genetic code, Ribosome (elongation factors)
100
The cell spends most of it's time in these three phases of the cell cycle, collectively known as...
What is interphase ( including G1,s, and G2)
200
This is a mutation that changes a single base pair, can be an insertion/deletion ( leading to a frame shift) or a substitution.
What is a point mutation?
200
If you have 20% adenine in your strand of DNA, what percent of the DNA is composed of Thymine?
What is 20%, and 60% evenly split between c-g
200
Two ways that RNA is processed into Functional mRNA before leaving the nucleus.
What are: 5' cap, 3' tail, intron removal and exon splicing: these are important to protect the mRNA, signal it to leave the nucleus and help it be translated.
200
A sequence of three nucleotides on the mRNA, and the word for the sequence of three nucleotides on the tRNA
What are codon and anticodon.
200
The number of cells produced in mitosis and their relation to the parent.
What are two identical daughter cells.
300
This time of long distance signalling molecule binds to its receptor within the plasma membrane. ( requires two words)
What are hydrophobic hormones.
300
This type of DNA replication ends with two separate pieces of DNA, each with one old strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA.
What is semi-conservative DNA replication
300
This is the specific region of DNA where RNA polymerase will bind to transcribe the DNA into RNA
What is the promoter region or TATA box
300
The mRNA codon that gets everything started.
What is AUG
300
This is the phase of Meiosis in which homologous pairs are separated. Be specific as to which phase of meiosis I or meiosis II
What is anaphase of meiosis I. This is the reduction division, after this comes meiosis II which is the division separating sister chromatids.
400
The four types of mutations we discussed.
What are nonsense ( premature stop), missense( change amino acid), silent ( no change in amino acid), point- leads to frame shift, an insertion/deletion/or substitution
400
This strand is synthesized away from the fork, and requires a special enzyme ( name that enzyme)
What is the lagging strand, requires ligase to link okazaki fragments
400
The function of RNA polymerase
What is to split the DNA and add complementary RNA nucleotides
400
The product of translation, and one way that it can be further processed.
What is a protein; can be cleaved, joined, chemically modified
400
These are the three ways genetic diversity is created in sexual reproduction.
What are Independent assortment, random fertilization and crossing over during prophase I of meiosis
500
A tumor which is noninvasive and doesn't steal nutrients and resources. Then a tumor which is invasive, and the process by which invasive tumors spread ( three terms)
What is benign, and then malignant which can metastasize
500
The 5 enzymes involved in DNA replication. ( 100 points per enzyme)
What are: Helicase, RNA primase, DNA polymerase, Ligase and Topoisomerase
500
Given this sequence, tell what the DNA sequence was
AUG CUG CCA GUU UGA
What is TAC GAC GGT CAA ACT
500
Name the 5 main points of regulation of gene expression.
What are DNA packaging, Transcription, mRNA processing, Translation, Protein processing.
500
This is the number of chromatids present in a cell in the middle of metaphase of mitosis with a diploid number of 6
What is 12 chromatids. 2 sister chromatids will make up each chromosome ( 6) and they will be at the metaphase plate.