All infants will access a hearing screening using a physiologic measure no later than ______
What is 1 month of age
100
T/F All babies are screened using OAEs
What is false
100
which etiology for a sensorineural loss requires IMMEDIATE referral to a physician for evaluation and possibly treatment
What is sudden onset of a sensorineural hearing loss
100
T/F Most issues in the outer and middle ear are usually medically related and can be treated
What is TRUE
100
T/F Otitis Media, Cholesteatoma, Otosclerosis, and Ossicular Disarticulation are all disorders of the inner ear
What is FALSE THEY ARE DISORDERS OF THE MIDDLE EAR
200
Why is early identification of hearing loss important?
What is because it is the most common birth defect. Because the earlier intervention takes place, the better the prognosis
200
t/f Most babies who fail the initial screening will actually have normal hearing
What is TRUE For every 10 babies that refer, 1 is expected to have permanent hearing loss
200
Name two risk factors for pseudohypacusis
What is seeking financial compensation, history of physical abuse
200
Why Are Children More Susceptible to otitis media?
What is ET in adults tilts downward at about a 45 degree angle. But, in infants and young children the ET is almost horizontal. Reflux of liquids can occur into the middle ear space and cause fluid.
200
This appears as a white mass behind the TM
What is Cholesteatoma
300
Name 2 objective hearing screening techniques
What is Otoacoustic emissions (OAE)
Auditory brainstem response (ABR)
Two stage screening (OAE + ABR)
300
List 3 barriers you might encounter in in-patient newborn hearing screenings
What is Parental refusal
Hospital misses opportunity to screen
Designated screening area not available
Equipment malfunction
Screening administration time frame conflicts with patient availability
Noise levels in screening area are too loud for effective screening administration
Confusion regarding screening responsibility for infants transferred to an alternate hospital
300
This results in oversecretion of endolymph in the scala media. Reisner’s membrane ruptures from excessive amounts of fluid and causes Vertigo Aural fullness Fluctuating unilateral SNHL
Poor speech discrimination Roaring tinnitus
What is Meniere’s Disease?(Endolymphatic Hydrops)
300
T/F otitis media can be treated surgically and medically with antibiotics
What is TRUE
300
It is a fixation of the stapes into the oval window Has a genetic link, and most often occurs in females. Usually occurs bilaterally. Usually treated surgically by a procedure called stapedectomy
What is Otosclerosis
400
What are 3 characteristics that a hearing screening procedure should have?
What is Reliable, valid, quick to administer, objective
400
Hearing aids can be fitted as young as ________
What is one month of age
400
Outer and middle ear disorders usually occur due to two common types of pathologies
What is structural defects due to embryologic malformations
-structural changes secondary to infection or trauma
400
This occurs when pressure is very negative in the middle ear space and “sucks” the eardrum back against the middle ear space. See this when eustachian tube is not working.
What is Atelectasis
400
This is also known as Flemingo pink sign, and is a diagnostic indicator for otosclerosis, pinkish red TM
What is Schwartz sign
500
________presents sound into the ear canal and a sensitive microphone measures an echo response from the ear. The presence of emissions at several different frequencies constitutes a pass on the screening. Average time to complete screening is 5-15 minutes
What is Otoacoustic Emissions
500
During___________sounds are presented to the ear and surface electrodes measure an EEG-type response from the auditory nerve. The presence of a response from the nerve constitutes a pass on the screening. Average time to complete ABR screening is 20 minutes
What is Auditory brainstem response (ABR)
500
Infection of the meninges
Usually results in complete deafness
What is meningitis
500
What are three things that may occur if otitis media is left untreated?
What is Ossicular erosion
Mastoiditis
Cholesteatoma
500
Explain where Carhart's notch occurs and why it occurs
What is Bone characteristically dips at 2000 Hz. The notch is known as Carhart’s notch. Shift in resonant frequency of middle ear caused by immobile oval window. Is associated with otosclerosis