Coronary Artery disease
Heart Failure
All arrhythmias straighten themselves out in the end
100
What is coronary artery disease
Damage in the coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis.
100
What diagnostic studies are indicated for a client with heart failure?
Echocardiogram, 12-lead ECG, heart monitors, chest X-rays, stress test, MRI.
100
Draw an ECG waveform on the board correctly with all important points labeled.
200
What are some lifestyle changes that can be made to decrease the risk/progression of CAD
- Physical activity 30 min/day, 5 days/week
- Decrease saturated fat/cholesterol, increase complex carbs and fiber
- Eat less red meat, more veggies.
- Omega 3 fatty acids help reduce triglyceride levels
200
Describe manifestations of left vs. right sided heart failure
Left: Increased HR, S3 and S4 sounds, confusion/restlessness, dry hacky cough, crackles in he lungs, shallow respirations, frothy pink sputum.
Right: Increased HR, edema, ascites, JVD, murmurs, weight gain, anorexia, GI bloating, anxiety and depression, fatigue, nausea, RUQ pain
200
What is the function of a holter monitor
Continuously records the ECG while the patient is ambulatory and performing daily activities.
300
Major modifiable risk factors of CAD?
- High serum lipids
- Hypertension
- Tobacco use
- Diabetes
- Metabolic syndrome
- Physical inactivity
- Obesity
300
What nutrition therapy is recommended for someone with HF
- Low sodium diet
- Do not add salt or seasonings containing sodium when preparing food
- Avoid high sodium foods (canned soup, processed meats, cheese, frozen meals)
- Limit milk products to 2 cups daily
300
What is telemetry monitoring?
The observation of a patient's heart rate and rhythm at a site distant from the patient.
400
Non modifiable risk factors for CAD
- Age (highest among middle aged men)
- Ethnicity (Black women)
- Gender
- Genetic predisposition
400
What is heart failure
A complex clinical syndrome that develops in response to myocardial insult. It results in the inability of the heart to provide sufficient blood to meet he O2 needs of tissues and organs.
400
What happens when the primary pacemaker stops working?
The secondary pacemaker may start from the AV node at a rate of 40 to 60 BPM or the His-Purkinje system at a rate of 20 to 40 times per minute.
500
What are some prescribed therapies used to restrict lipoprotein reduction
**remember: high lipoprotein contributes to atherosclerosis which causes CAD**
Statins and Niacin
500
List some primary causes of HF
- Cardiomyopathy
- Congenital heart defects
- CAD, including MI
- HTN
- Hyperthyroidism
- Myocarditis
- Pulmonary HTN
- Rheumatic heart disease
- Valve disorders
500
When is defibrillation indicated?
To end VFib and pulseless Vtach. The goal is that after repolarization, the SA node will be able to resume as the role of the pacemaker.