1
Unique characteristics that distinguish one phoneme from another
What are distinctive features?
A child's WHAT is affected by the misarticulation of sounds
What is speech intelligibility?
By age WHAT most of child's speech is intelligible to strangers
What is 5?
What is 95%?
Speech problems associated with central or peripheral nervous system damage
What is dysarthria?
40-80%
What is what percent of children w/ SSP also may exhibit a language disorder?
A procedure of studying one or a few subjects for an extended period of time to document changes in selected variables
What is the longitudinal method?
SSD & BLANK problems may coexist in some children
What is auditory discrimination?
Typical oral speech language learning
What is normal hearing essential for?
A research method in which many subjects selected from different age levels are studied simultaneously for a relatively brief duration
What is cross-sectional method?
The ability to identify and discriminate among the locations and sensations of objects placed in mouth with no visual information
What is oral form recognition?
Individual differences in the acquisition of speech sounds
What have studies using the longitudinal method shown?
Children with SSP have a slower WHAT although deficiencies in motor skills are neither necessary nor sufficient to produce articulatory problems
What is diadochokinetic rate?
Speech problem due to motorplanning of speech gestures in the absence of neuromuscular impairments
What is childhood apraxia of speech (CAS)?
Oral sensation or oral-form recognition
What do not account for SSD?
Stopping, liquid gliding, vocalization, depalatization (fis is for fish), velar fronting (rIn for ring), deaffrication (SEr for chair)
What are substitution patterns?
A pattern of deviant or reverse swallow in which the tongue pushes against the teeth and may be associated with articulation disorders
What is tongue thrust?
More complex system of primary communication with its own phonological, semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic rules
What is creole?
Simple form of communication that develops between to verbal communities with no common language
Awareness of muscle movement and position
Labial assimilation, velar assimilation (k^g for cup), nasal assimilation (mam for mop), voicing assimilation (dEn for ten or pIt for pig)
What is assimilation patterns?
final consonant deletion, cluster reduction, unstressed syllable deletion, reduplication, epenthesis
What are syllable structure patterns?
Correlation method, which may only suggest but not confirm causes of such learning
What method have most of the studies on the variables associated w/ speech sound learning used?
1. Nasal (sounds resonated in the nasal cavity)
2. Grave (sounds produced @ the very front)
3. Voice (sounds produced w/ vibrations of VF)
4. Diffuse (sounds made at the very back)
5. Strident (sounds made by forcing the airstream through a small opening resulting in the production of intense noise)
6. continuant (sounds w an incomplete pt. of constriction thus w/ out stopping the flow of air entirely at any point)
What are the earliest to latest mastery?
The characteristics of the primary language or dialect