Musculoskeletal Injuries/Splinting/Injuries to the Extremities
Head, Neck, Back, Chest, Abdomen, Pelvic Injuries
100
What are the other 2 names for minor internal bleeding?
Contusion & Bruise
100
What are the 3 conditions that must be present to maintain normal blood flow?
1. Heart must be functioning normally.
2. An adequate amount of oxygen-rich blood must be circulating.
3. The blood vessels must be intact and able to regulate blood flow.
100
What are the 4 sources of burns?
Thermal (heat); Chemicals; Electricity; Radiation
100
The 4 mechanical energy forces that results in injuries
1. Direct 2. Indirect 3. Twisting 4. Contracting
100
How do you minimize movement of the head, neck and back?
Using manual stabilization
200
3 major functions of blood
1. transporting oxygen, nutrients, and wastes 2. protecting against disease by producing antibodies and defending against pathogens 3. maintining body temperature by circulating throughout the body
200
What are 4 signals of internal bleeding?
Soft tissues that are tender, swollen or hard. Anxiety or restlessness. Rapid, weak pulse. Rapid breathing, shortness of breath. Skin that feels cool or moist and looks pale, ashen, or bluish. Bruising in the injured area. Nausea and vomiting or coughing up blood. Abdominal pain. Excessive thirst. Decreasing level of consciousness. Severe headache.
In what area are you allowed to remove an embedded object? Why?
Cheek injuries because it is not easily stabilized, makes control of bleeding more difficult and may become dislodged and obstruct the airway.
300
What are the two signals of severe external bleeding?
1. Blood spurting from the wound. 2. Bleeding that fails to stop after all measures have been taken.
300
When should you not elevate the legs when caring for shock? 3 reasons.
1. If the victim is nauseated or having trouble breathing
2. You suspect a head, neck or back injury or possible broken bones involving the hips or legs.
3. If moving causes more pain.
300
The 3 types of burns and what they look like.
1st degree - Superficial: red, dry and is usually painful. Heal within 5-6 days w/o permanent scarring. 2nd degree - Partial-thickness: Red & blisters. Skin may look mottled/blotched. painful and area swell and scars. heals w/in 3-4 weeks 3rd degree - Full thickness: brown or charred with issues underneath appearing white. can be either extremely painful or relatively painless. often life threatening, results in heavy scarring and takes a long time to heal.
300
The 4 principles of splinting
1. Splint only if you have to move the injured person and you can do so w/o causing more pain or discomfort 2. Splint in the position in which you found it. 3. Splint the injured area and the joints or bones above and below the injury 4. check for feeling, warmth and color before and after splinting
300
What injury as a distinctive sucking sound when the person breathes? And how do you care for it?
A sucking chest wound. Cover the wound with an occlusive dressing, tape it into place leaving one corner loose. Take steps to minimize shock.
400
What are the 3 major types of blood vessels?
Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries
400
What are the general care steps for internal bleeding while you wait form EMS to arrive? There are 6, give me 4.
1. Do no further harm. 2. Monitor ABC and consciousness. 3. Help the victim rest comfortably. 4. Keep the victim from getting chilled or overheated. 5. Reassure the victim. 6. Give any specific care needed.
400
The 5 qualifications to categorize the severity of a burn
1. The temperature of the source of the burn 2. The length of exposure to the source of the burn 3. The location of the burn. 4. The extent of the burn. 5. The victim's age and medical condition.
400
What is the general care for musculoskeletal injuries? What is the acronym for it and what does each aspect cover?
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, and Support OR Rest, Immobilize, Cold, Elevate.
400
What are 4 signals that indicate a serious Head, Neck, and Back injury?
1. Changes in consciousness; 2. Severe pain or pressure in the head, neck or back; 3. Tingling or loss of sensation in the extremities; 4. Partial or complete loss of movement in any body part; 5. Unusual bumps or depressions on the head or back; 6. Loss of memory; 7. Blood or other fluids in the ears or nose; 8. Profuse external bleeding of the head, neck or back; 9. Seizures in a person who does not have a seizure disorder; 10. Impaired breathing or impaired vision as a result of injury; 11. Nausea or vomiting; 12. Persistent headache; 13. Loss of balance; 14. Bruising of the head, especially around the eyes or behind the ears
500
Describe each of the blood vessels type of bleeding.
Arterial - rapid, harder to control, blood is bright red in color and spurts from the wound. Venous - generally easier to control, blood flows at a steady rate from the wound, is dark red in color. Capillary bleeding- most common type of bleeding, blood oozes from the wound.
500
The 5 types of shock and causes
Anaphylactic - Life threatening allergic reaction Cardiogenic - Failure of the heart to effectively circulate blood; occurs with heart attack Hypovolemic - Severe bleeding or loss of blood plasma Neurogenic - Disruption of the autonomic nervous system Septic - Toxins caused by a severe infection
500
When should you call 911 for a critical burn? There are 6 instances.
1. Trouble breathing. 2. Burns covering more than one body part or a large surface area. 3. Suspected burns to the airway. 4. Burns to the head, neck, hands, feet or genitals. 5. A full thickness burn and is younger than age 5 or older than age 60. 6. Burns resulting from chemicals, explosions, or electricity.
500
Give me the full medical terms for all the bones in the upper extremity and lower extremity.
1. Wear safety belts 2. Wear helmets, eyewear, faceguards, and mouth guards 3. Taking steps to prevent falls. 4. Obeying rules in sports and recreational activities 5. Avoiding inappropriate use of alcohol and other drugs.