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Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
More Chapter 9!
100
What organelle degrades (breaks down) substances, can cause Tay Sachs, and is found in the WBC's
What are lysosomes?
100
Trans membrane proteins that go all the way through the membrane
What is an integral protein?
100
pH, Chemicals, temperature, salt concentrations, co-factors
What are the factors that effect enzyme denaturation?
100
Glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, Electron transport chain
What are the three stages of cellular respiration?
100
Where does each of the cycles take place?
Gylcolysis - cytoplasm Krebs - Mitochondrial matrix ETC - Mitochondrial christae, or inner mitochondrial matrix
200
Synthesizes lipids, acts as storage, and detoxifies substances
What is Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
200
Amphipathic, polar/hydrophillic head, non-polar/hydrophobic tail
What is a phospholipid?
200
Inhibitor binds to a secondary site and changes the shape of the active site.
What is non competitive inhibition?
200
2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
What is made in glycolysis?
200
What type of ATP synthesis does each of the cycles use?
Glycolysis/Krebs - Substrate level phosphorylation ETC- chemiosmosis/oxadative phosphorylation
300
Type of junction that allows many things through rapidly. An example is the heart.
What is a gap junction?
300
A sodium potassium pump pumps Na and K ions in opposite directions across the membrane from low to high concentrations. What kind of transportation and transport are used?
Active transport and antiport
300
What does exergonic mean, and what kind of delta G is associated with it?
Exergonic means to release energy. A negative delta G is associated with this. A negative delta G means you have energy.
300
38 ATP
What is the total amount of ATP produced in all three cycles of cellular respiration?
300
Oxygen (Hint: involves one of the cycles of cellular respiration)
What is the final hydrogen catcher in the ETC?
400
Mitochondria and Chloroplast
What are the two organelles that make energy?
400
Name and define the four different types of transportation. (Hint: has to do with diffusion)
Passive diffusion- high concentration to low with no help Facilitated diffusion- high to low; help from protein Active transport- low-high; help from ATP Osmosis- the passive diffusion of water
400
The reaction of A+B->C has delta G +7.2 kcal of energy. An enzyme was activated in order to speed up the reaction and lower the activation energy. Will the delta G from the reaction increase or decrease?
Neither! There is a specific delta G for every reaction and it will NEVER change!
400
When NADH and FADH are oxidized in the ETC, what kind of transportation/transport occurs?
Active transport/uniport
400
Name at least two poisons and what they do
DNP - blows holes in the christae membrane Rotenone - blocks protein channel one so hydrogen can't get through Oligomycin - Blocks the ATP synthase Cyanide/Carbon Monoxide - Blocks area where oxygen is supposed to pick up hydrogen
500
UPS of the cell that receives products from the ER. UPS of the cell
What is the golgi apparatus?
500
A cell has 80% solvent. The beaker that the cell is in contains 10% solute. What is the cell in relation to the solution? What will happen to the cell?
The cell is hypertonic in relation to the solution. The cell will swell, burst, or lyse.
500
Delta G = +4.2 kcal of energy Which reaction can be coupled to it? Delta G = +5.6 kcal Delta G = -5.6 kcal Delta G = -3.2 kcal
-5.6 kcal
500
What is made in the kreb's cycle if you have 2 glucose? How many turns of the cycle is this?
2 glucose = 4 turns of the cycle 12 NADH 4 FADH 4 ATP
500
What happens when something is oxidized? What happens when something is reduced? Which is an endergonic process and which is exergonic?
Oxidize - to lose electrons (exergonic) Reduce- to gain electrons (endergonic)