Ant
Distinguish between heterotrophs and autotrophs
Heterotrophs are organisms that obtain organic food molecules by eating other organisms or substances derived from them
Autotrophs are organisms that obtain organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from them
Location of chloroplasts
Plant cells
Draw and label parts of the chloroplast
Include inner and outer membrane, thylakoid, stroma, granum, lumen, thylakoid membrane
Evidence that suggest mitochondria and chloroplast evolved from bacteria
Has its own DNA and proteins, double membrane
Basic equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H20 + light --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Where does the oxygen released from photosynthesis come from
When water is oxidized
How many CO2 molecules are needed to make one G3P?
3
What enzyme catalyzes the fixation of carbon?
Rubisco
Where in a leaf does the Calvin Cycle take place?
Stroma
What structures allow gasses in and out of leaves?
Stomata
Describe cyclic electron flow, why is this necessary?
Cyclic electron flow is the process in which electrons that Fd obtains get carried back to the cytochrome complex after PSII to run through the etc and generate more hydrogen ions across the membrane to make more ATP because the Calvin Cycle requires 9 ATPs but only 6 NADPHs, so the light reactions needs to produce more ATP to sustain the Calvin cycle
Where in a leaf do the light reactions take place?
Thylakoid membranes
When an electron is lost from photosystem II where does it go? What does it do?
The electron carrier Pq takes the electrons from PSII through an electron transport chain that pumps hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space. The electrons are then taken to PSI by Pc, another electron carrier
What are the three phases of the Calvin Cycle?
Carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration
Compare the absorption spectrum for Chlorophyll a and b as well as that of carotenoids, what colors of light are used for photosynthesis, what colors are not used
Chlorophyll a: absorbs blue-violet, red
Chlorophyll b: absorbs blue-violet and red orange
Carotenoids: absorbs blue-green and violet
Green yellow is not absorbed; it is reflected
List the photosystem components and their functions
Light-harvesting complex, reaction center, electron acceptor
Giant redwood trees are the tallest living organisms, where did all of the carbon come from that make the cellulose in their wood?
The carbons that are used to make glucose comes from CO2 during the Calvin cycle, more specifically, in the reduction phase
What structures allow gasses in and out of leaves?
stomata
Why does a plant make sugars, what does it do with them?
Plants make sugars for themselves. They need sugar to perform cellular respiration, which leads to making energy. They also make it to build their cell walls (made of cellulose which is a carbohydrate), or they can make starch
They also make O2 as a byproduct, which heterotrophs use for cellular respiration and plants use it as well
Explain the importance of photosynthesis to life on Earth
Without photosynthesis, life would not be sustained. The oxygen we breathe comes from photosynthesis because oxygen is a by-product. Plants would not be able to supply food for themselves; hence, they would not be autotrophs, more specifically photoautotrophs. If plants can’t make their own food, plants would not be able to live. If plants cease to carry out photosynthesis, life on Earth would not be alive.
Reactants of light-dependent reactions
Light
6 H2O
NADP+
ADP + Pi
Draw a quick sketch of the light-independent reactions
Must include location, carbon dioxide, rubisco, ATP, NADPH, stages, G3P, RuBP
Products and reactants of light-independent reactions
Reactants: CO2, ATP, NADPH, RuBP
Products: NADP+, ADP, G3P, RuBP
Products of light-dependent reactions
ATP
NADPH
O2
Draw a quick sketch of the light-dependent reactions