Category 1
Origin: infraorbital rim maxilla
Insertion: midlateral skin of upper lip
Innervation: buccal branch CN VII
Function: elevate upper lip
Lavator labii superioris
Origin: body of zygomatic bone
Insertion: skin upper lip
Innervation: buccal branch CN VII
Function: elevates upper lip,
assists in smiling
Zygomatic minor
Vermillion border, Vermillion zone, Labial commissure, and tubercle are landmarks of what?
Landmarks of the lips
Origin: zygomatic bone, lateral to zyg.
minor
Insertion: skin at ipsilateral labial commissure, in and around orbicularis oris
Innervation: buccal or zygomatic
branches, CN VII
Function: elevates upper lip and pulls
laterally to retract angle of the mouth for smiling
Zygomatic Major
Origin: oblique line, mandible
Insertion: skin of lower lip
Innervation: marginal mandibular
branch CN VII
Function: depresses lower lip,
exposing mandibular incisor teeth
Depressor Labii Inferioris
Origin: labial commissures
Insertion: opposite corner of lips
Innervation: CN VII, buccal branch,
Function: shaping/control size of oral opening
Perform lip related movements (closred, pursed, grimace, pouting/kissing), creates lip positions and movements during speech.
Obicularis Oris
Origin: base of tongue
Insertion: Membranous cover
Innervation: CN XII
Function: flatten tongue
Vertical Muscles
Origin: Posterior border of hard palate;
palatine aponeurosis
Insertion: Posterior border of the lamina
of the thyroid cartilage
Innervation: CN X via pharyngeal
plexus
Function: narrows pharynx; acts as
sphincter to lower the palate and
decrease distance b/t arches—
swallowing and gagging
Palatopharyngeus
Origin: Scaphoid fossa of sphenoid,
sphenoid spine, lateral auditory tube wall
Insertion: posterior border of hard palate;
medially fibers fuse w/ aponeurosis of
opposite side
Innervation: Mandibular nerve, CN V
Function:
Compliments levator palatini via simultaneous
tensing action, as it elevates
Eustachian tube dilator- opens auditory tube to
permit aeration of the middle ear cavity
Tensor Veli Palatini
Origin: lesser cornu hyoid
Insertion: intrinsic muscles at side
of tongue
Innervation: CN XII
Function: tongue depressor;
elevate hyoglossus
Chondroglossus
Origin: fasia superficial to masseter
Insertion: skin at ipsilateral labial
commissure
Innervation: buccal branch CN VII
Function: stretch lips laterally to retract
labial commissure and widen mouth, smiling and grinning
Risorius
Origin: nasal spine of palatine bones; adjacent
palatine aponeurosis
Insertion: uvula (midline pendulous structure)
Innervation: pharyngeal plexus, CN XI & X
Function: shortens the soft palate
Important articulator in some languages
**Considerable variation in length and thickness
of uvula—often amputated to prevent gagging
Musculus Uvulae
Origin: frontal process of maxilla
Insertion: skin of ala nose, upper lip
Innervation: CN VII, buccal branch
Function: elevate upper lip and ala of
nose, Dilates each naris (e.g. sneering
expression)
Lavator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi
Origin: canine fossa, maxilla
Insertion: skin at ipsilateral labial
commissure
Innervation: buccal branch, CN VII
Function: draw mouth up and
medially (during smiling)
Levator Anguli Oris
Origin: upper border of greater cornu
and corpus hyoid
Insertion: lateral submucous of
posterior half of tongue
Innervation: CN XII
Function: retract, depress the tongue;
may elevate the hyoid
Hyoglossus
Origin: apex of petrous portion
temporal bone, posteromedial plate
of cartilage of auditory tube
Insertion: soft palate
Innervation: pharyngeal plexus, CN
XI & X
Function: raise vertical position of
soft palate into a horizontal position
and to stretch palate slightly back
Levator Veli Palatini
Origin: ant and lat surface, styloid process;
stylomandibular ligament
Insertion: side tongue near dorsum;
interdigitate w/ inferior longitudinal muscle;
some blend with hyoglossus
Innervation: CN XII
Function: draws tongue up and back; draw
side of tongue upward, assists in making
dorsum concave (troughlike)
Styloglossus
Origin: mandible near midline
Insertion: skin of chin
Innervation: VII, marginal mandibular
branch
Function: raises chin, wrinkling skin,
causing displaced lower lip to protrude,
narrowing oral vestibule
Mentalis Muscle
Origin: median fibrous septum
Insertion: submucous tissue at lateral margins
of tongue
Innervation: CN XII
Function: tongue to narrow and become
elongated
Transverse muscle
Origin: anterior surface, soft palate
Insertion: side of tongue
Innervation: pharyngeal plexus,
CN X
Function: lower soft palate; raise
back of tongue to groove dorsum
**Forms palatoglossal arch (anterior
faucial pillars)
Palatoglossus
Origin: alveolar process of maxilla and
mandible, pterygomandibular ligament
Insertion: orbicularis oris at labial commissure
Innervation: buccal branch CN VII
Function: pulls lips laterally and shortens cheek both vertically and horizontally
Keeps food pushed back on posterior teeth, needed for chewing
** Infants, provides suction for nursing
Buccinator
Origin: superior mental spine (posterior
surface of mandibular symphysis)
Insertion: lowermost fibers corpus hyoid;
upper dorsum and tip of tongue
Innervation: CN XII
Function:
Post. fibers: draw tongue anteriorly to protrude tip
or press tip against teeth and alveolar ridge
Ant. fibers: retract tongue
All fibers: draw tongue down, making dorsum like
a trough
Genioglossus
Origin: submucous fibrous tissue, close to
root and median fibrous sepum
Insertion: lateral margins of tongue
Innervation: CN XII
Function: shorten tongue
and thereby, turn tip upward
Superior Longitudinal (of tongue)
Origin: root of tongue
Insertion: apex of tongue
Innervation: CN XII
Function: shortens tongue or pulls the tip
downward
*Interdigitates w/ genioglossus and hyoglossus
Inferior longitudinal
Origin: Lateral margins of the
mandible on the oblique line
Insertion: skin, ipsilateral labial
commissure, upper portion
Innervation: CN VII, mandibular
branch
Function: depresses labial
commissure, frowning
Depressor Anguli Oris