Chapter 14
An energy rich compound, phosphocreatine, is found in ______ tissue?
Muscle
What are the differences between disordered eating and an eating disorder?
Disordered: Mild and short-term changes in eating patterns that occur is relations to a stressful event or illness.
Eating disorder: Severe alterations in eating patterns linked to physiological changes.
What are the 4 dimensions of food security?
Availability, Access, Utilization and Stability
Why is the use of antibiotics in animals bad?
Animals can develop antibiotic resistance
What does training increase in our bodies?
Capillaries and mitochondria
As the body adapts to regular exercise, the training effect results in ______?
a. decreased blood flow to muscles
b. increased lactate production
c. decreased muscle triglyceride content
d. decreased resting heart rate
What are 3 diagnosis criteria for anorexia nervosa?
Extreme dieting, fear of eating, poor body image
What is the most common cause of famine?
Crop failure
What are the 3 types of bacterial infections related to foodborne illness?
Foodborne infection: directly invade the intestinal wall
Toxin-mediated infection: a harmful toxin is produced when the bacteria colonize in the GI tract
Foodborne intoxication: bacteria secrete a toxin into food before it is eaten
What is the female triad?
Low energy availability
Loss of menstrual cycle
Lone bone mass
What is the difference between exercise and physical fitness?
Exercise: refers to those physical activities that are planned, repetitive and intended to improve physical fitness
Physical fitness: the ability to perform moderate to vigorous activity without fatigue
What are some physical effects of bulimia nervosa?
Repeated exposure of teeth to stomach acid causing demineralization
Painful, sensitive to cold and heat
Blood potassium can drop significantly with regular vomiting or the use of certain diuretics
Salivary glands may swell
Ulcers, bleeding perforations
Constipation
What are the most common micronutrient deficiencies in the world?
Iron
Zinc
Vitamin A
B vitamins
Iodine
What is the leading cause of foodborne illness, causing almost 60% of illnesses in the U.S annually?
Norovirus
What are some benefits of exercise?
Strengthens bones and joints, improves mental health, decreases risk of disease, reduces stress, improves sleep patterns, improves immune function, etc.
During muscle-building regimens, athletes should consume _______ grams of protein per kg of body weight?
1.5-2 grams of protein/kg
Binge eating disorder can be characterized as ______
Eating to avoid feeling and dealing with emotional pain
Name 3 food assistance programs
SNAP
WIC
USDA Foods in Schools
Meals on Wheels
School lunch programs
What are some of the negative consequences of caffeine?
Worsen anxiety and depression
Harm GI tract
Insomnia
May elevate cholesterol
Increase risk for miscarriages
Name 3 additional eating disorders other than Anorexia, Bulimia and Binge eating.
Pica
Night eating syndrome
Purging disorder
Advantage and Disadvantages of Anaerobic Glucose breakdown
Advantages:
It is the fastest way to resupply ATP, other than PCr breakdown
It provides most of the energy needed for events that require a quick burst of energy (30 seconds to 2 minutes)
Disadvantages:
The high rate of ATP production cannot be sustained for long periods
The rapid accumulation of lactate increases the acidity of the muscle
Acidity inhibits the activities of key enzymes in the muscle cells
Explain how individuals with an eating disorder and type 1 diabetes abuse their insulin use.
Intentionally skipping doses of insulin to induce weight loss
This leads to hyperglycemia, eye damage, kidney damage, diabetic coma or death
Overdoses of insulin to compensate for episodes of binge eating causing possible weight gain
What is the difference between situational and generational poverty?
Situational: Getting laid off from a job, family member medical expense, divorce, death, disasters
Generational: Cultures, traditions
What is a direct vs indirect food additive?
Direct: coloring, sweetener, texturizing, flavor
Indirect: industrial chemicals, pesticide residues, and mold toxins from foods
Causes of malnutrition in the developing world
AIDS, War and political civil unrest, Unbalanced food to population ratio, Depletion of resources, Infrastructures, High external debt