Anatomy of A&R
Physiology of A&R&Swallowing
Hearing Anatomy
Hearing Physiology
Phonation & Respiration + Wild Card
100
The "cheekbone" is the?
Zygomatic bone
100
Which sounds involve air flowing through and out the nasal cavity?
Nasal sounds m, n, and ng
100
The pinna is part of the ______ ear.
Outer
100
Sound waves are what kind of waves?
Longitudinal
100
How does the time spent on exhalation during speech compare to time spent on exhalation during tidal (resting) breathing?
Longer exhalation during speech - 10% inhalation, 90% exhalation as compared to 50/50 with tidal breathing
200
Name the mandibular depressors.
Digastric, Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid, Lateral pterygoid
200
Laryngeal elevation occurs during which phase of the swallow?
Pharyngeal
200
Name the middle ear bones in order from the tympanic membrane to the oval window
Malleus, incus, stapes
200
What do the muscles of the middle ear do?
Contract to protect the cochlea from sounds above 85 dB
200
Fill in the blank: During INHALATION, air pressure inside the lungs is _________ than atmospheric pressure; therefore, air rushes ________ the lungs from a region of _______ pressure to a region of ________ pressure.
lower, into, higher, lower
300
What muscle makes up the bulk of the soft palate and is most important for velar elevation?
Levator Veli Palatine
300
The source filter theory states:
A voicing source is generated by vocal folds, routed through vocal tract, and then shaped into sounds of speech
300
Name a function of the outer ear
sound localization, protection of deeper structures. amplification of higher frequencies
300
What is the speech banana?
The frequency and intensity range in which most human speech sounds fall
300
What is the myoelastic aerodynamic theory of voice production?
Elasticity, muscular conditions of the vocal folds and the Bernoulli Effect maintain vocal fold vibration
400
Name the intrinsic tongue muscles and their functions
Superior longitudinal: tip elevation
Inferior longitudinal: tip depression
Transverse: narrows and elongates tongue
Vertical: Flattens tongue
400
Define mastication and deglutition
Mastication: chewing
Deglutition: swallowing
400
Explain the tonotopic organization of the cochlea
Higher frequency sounds received at base
Lower frequency sounds received at apex
400
List the transformations of energy in the ear in order from the outer ear through the inner ear
Acoustic – mechanical – hydraulic – electrical
400
What does the orbicularis oris do?
Puckers the lips and closes the mouth
500
Name the transverse facial expression muscles
Buccinator, Risorius
500
Name a sound that is produced by contact between the tongue and the alveolar ridge
s, t, d, z, l
500
What does excitation of the hair cells cause?
A transformation to electric energy via action potential
500
Describe how the middle ear amplifies the incoming signal by about 27 dB
17:1 size ratio of tympanic membrane to footplate of stapes
Lever action of incus
500
A - Masseter
B - Temporalis
C - Lateral pterygoid
D - Medial pterygoid