HAND
dupytren's syndrome
shortening of palmar aponeurosis, pulls digits into flexion
what does the ulnar nerve split into after the canal of guyonn?
deep branch- to muscles
superficial and cutaneous branch- to skin
What is the annular ligament
circle of ligament from the ulna around the radial head to keep the head of the radius secure and close to the ulna
what direction to shoulder dislocations commonly happen in
inferior-anteriorly b/c there Is very little ligament support
ape hand
muscles of the thenar eminence atrophy, caused by median nerve injury (severe cases of carpal tunnel)
thenar muscles
Abductor pollicis brevis (superficial)
Flexor pollicis brevis (superficial)
Opponens pollicis (deep)
what does the recurrent branch of the median nerve supply
thenar muscles (abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis)
what is students elbow
inflammation of the olecranon bursa caused from leaning on elbow for too long
what is the importance of the inferior glenohumeral ligament
head of humerus drops into it in full extension
Popeye arm
tendon of long head of biceps brachii is ruptured and long head of biceps brachii rolls down near elbow
injuries to the extensor expansion
mallet finger- When the lateral band of the extensor expansion tear away from the distal phalanx
boutonniere- PIP joint swelling tears lateral band away from central, PIP stuck in flexion while DIP is in extension
what areas of skin are supplied by the cutaneous branches of median, ulnar and radial nerves
median-digits 1, 2,3 1/2 of 4, lateral side of palm
ulnar- digits 1/2 of 4 and 5, medial side of palm, medial side of dorsal of Hand
radial- lateral side of dorsal hand and dorsal of thumb
how can a UCL injury happen
powerful movement of elbow (throwing)
what are the 2 coracoclavicular ligaments
- trapezoid ligament
- conoid ligament
what's the difference between a smiths fracture and a colless fracture
smiths fracture- distal radius fractures on palmar side, caused by FOOSH
colless fracture- distal radius fractures on dorsal side (dinner fork)
what movements do dorsal inerossei and palmar interossei do?
palmar interossei- adducts digits 1 4 and 5 (PAD)
dorsal inerossei- abduct digots 1-5 (DAB)
precision vs power grip
precision- object held lightly between pads of fingertips, minimal palmar contact
power- object held tight in hand, extensive palmar contact
how id flexion elbow stopped
tissue is in way, caronoid process fits into coranoid fossa
what is the purpose of the glenoid labrum
ring of fibrocartilage along the edge of the glenoid fossa that allows for more coverage of the humeral head
frozen shoulder (articulative capsulitis)
articular capsule of shoulder swells or gets sticky and hurts really bad to move
Why is opposition not completely lost with carpal tunnel?
flexor politic longus, abductor pollicis longus, adductor pollicis are not affected b/c they're innervated by ulnar nerve
hand of benediction
- median nerve damage proximal to the carpal tunnel
- loss of PIP flexion of digits 1-3
-loss of DIP flexion of digits 2-3 (loss of FPL, FDS, FDP)
- loss of MCP flexion of digits 2&3 (loss of lumbrcials 1&2)
what happens with pronation
radius flips over ulna via distal radioulnar joint
what position puts the humerus in contact with the acromion
abduction and International rotation, greater tubercle may make contact with underside of the acromion
what's the difference between boutinere injury and mallet finger
boutinere- PIP joint swelling tears lateral band away from central band causing PIP to be struck in flexion and DIP in extension
mallet finger- lateral band of extensor expansion tears away from distal phalanx causing lack of extension of DIP joint