Neuron
What is the resting potential?
It is a difference in electrochemical concentration across the membrane of a neuron that can be “released” under the correct stimuli
When you build muscle (like in weight training) what are you building.
You are building more protein bundles to go in the muscle cells.
List all of the protective layers surrounding the brain.
Skull, Minenges, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Blood-Brain Barrier
What are the 5 tastes that your tastebuds recognize?
Bitter, Sweet, Umami, Sour, Salty
What does an epidermal skin cell do until it reaches the outermost layer?
It exits the cell cycle at G0 and carries out normal cellular functions
When and how do the ions move across the axon membrane?
During Depolarization Na+ ions move through the Sodium Channels via diffusion into the axon
During Repolarization K+ ions move through the Potassium Channels via diffusion out of the axon
During the refractory period (Hyperpolarization) the Na+/K+ Pump moves the ions across the axon to their original location via active transport
How do muscles know when to contract and relax?
A motor neuron transmits a signal to the muscle cell which causes it to contract. When there is no signal being sent the muscles are relaxed.
How does the body normally regulate the production of Thyroid Hormone so too much isn’t produced?
The negative feedback loop involving the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland.
True or False: There is a greater density of receptors in the fingertips compared to the back
True
What is the kidney process that removes the plasma from the blood?
Filtration
What neuroglial cell is located along the axon and what is it's function?
The myelin sheath acts as insulation around the axon allowing the electrical signal to be conveyed more efficiently.
Why might Slow-Twitch muscles have a larger amount of Mitochondria and Blood Vessels than Fast-Twitch muscles?
To facilitate aerobic ATP production during exercise
strokes cause lose of body function in the damaged areas; if a patient has trouble walking and balancing which part of the brain was damaged?
Cerebellum
What cells in the eyes are responsible for the different types/aspects of vision?
Cone cells help us detect the color of objects.
Rod cells help us detect objects in dim light (night vision)
Bipolar cells help us determine the shape of objects and transmits it to the Ganglion cells
Ganglion cells help us transmit the signals from the Bipolar cells to the Optic Nerve to travel to the occipital lobe
During the filtration step of urine formation, liquid plasma of the blood is removed in the nephron by?
The twists and turns of the Glomerular Capillaries that create high blood pressure in the Glomeri
While cooking dinner, you accidentally cut through the index finger on your left hand. What relay of events occurs before you are able to respond to the stimulus?
A sensory neuron in your finger travels to your spinal cord where the signal is relayed between neurons and your right-hand moves the knife away before you’ve had a chance to consciously notice the pain in your finger.
Name all of the molecules that are used during a muscle contraction and when they are needed.
Acetylcholine is sent from the motor neuron to the muscle cell to initiate a contraction.
Na+ travels down the channel and causes an action potential to travel down the T-tubule.
Calcium is released from the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum to allow Myosin to bind to Actin.
ADP+P are released from Myosin when it binds to Actin.
New ATP enters the cell and allows Myosin to detach from Actin.
Drugs that impact the way we think or perceive our environment often act on which part of neuronal signaling?
Dynamics of neurotransmitter signaling at the synapse
Pressure waves of air are converted to fluid waves in the cochlea. These fluid waves are detected by mechanoreceptors. A signal is sent to the auditory cortex. What sense is this describing?
Hearing/Ears
When and why would the body start breaking down Glycogen into Glucose?
When no food has been eaten after several hours and Glucose is needed to give the body cells energy