Moral Emotions
What are the two moral dimensions proposed by Gray and Wagner?
Agent/patient
Help/Harm
Parents who opt for this approach, compared to an emotion dismissing approach, are more accurate at labeling emotions.
Emotion coaching
Define the 2 systems popularized by Daniel Kahneman in his novel Thinking Fast and Slow
System 1: Fast, involuntary, based on heuristics
System 2: Slow, effortful, deliberate
People with this psychotic disorder tend to express less emotionality, even though they experience the same intensity and variety of emotions.
Schizophrenia
Feeling sad and anxious often leads us to be more attentive to ______ processes, events, and information.
emotion congruent
According to Gray and Wagner, beneficiaries elicit these two moral emotions
Relief and happiness
The "Strange Situation" experiment elicits a great deal of anger and an unwillingness to be comforted in children who have this type of attachment.
Ambivalent
Barbara Fredrickson proposed this theory to explain the function of positive emotions.
Broaden and build
____is an example of an externalizing emotion, and ____ is an example of an internalizing emotion.
Externalizing: Anger
Internalizing: Anxiety, depression
What is one consequence of high allostatic load?
Development of a profile of hyperreactivity.
According to Gray and Wegner, anger and disgust are emotions elicited by villains, which occupy which space in their morality graph?
agent/harm
Although we tend to become more conscientious, and emotionally stable as we age, there is a sharp dip in these traits at this life stage.
Adolescence (the disruption hypothesis)
Schwarz and Clore (1983) found that when asked about how satisfied they were with their lives, participants tended to report lower satisfaction on rainy days compared to sunny days. This is an example of the _____ perspective, which explains how we use emotions to guide our thinking.
Affect as information
This hypothesis suggests that emotional disorders are caused by both inherent vulnerability and a triggereing event.
Diathesis-stress hypothesis
How are adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) linked to psychological disorders?
As the number of ACEs increase, so too does physiological stress, in turn increasing the likelihood of psychopathology
According to Haidt, an emotion that can be triggered by "triumphs, tragedies, or transgressions that do not directly touch the self" is called a _____.
Disinterested elicitor
The fact that a child is likely to choose friends with a similar personality and temperament as their own is an example of this type of gene-environment correlation.
Active (selection; there's also evocative and passive)
Negative emotions, and especially anxiety, tend to do this to our attentional focus
Narrows our focus
Circumstances of an individual's life can influence the activity of their genes, which is known as _____
Epigenetics
Which common mental disorder is considered the largest contributor to disability worldwide?
Major depressive disorder
According to Haidt's theory of moral emotions, compassion is high along the dimensions of both _____ and _____.
Disintereseted elicitor and pro-sociality of action tendencies.
A multilevel perspective to understanding the development of children's emotionality includes distal factors such as _____ and proximal factors such as ______.
Distal: Socioeconomic influences, neighborhoods, and schools
Proximal: Relationships with family and friends
Frederic Bartlett (1932) asked participants to recall a story they read 2.5 years prior. One participant mis-remembered that the funeral in the story took place at sunset instead of at sunrise. This mistake was likely due to the participant's ____ about funerals.
Schema (specifically, his cultural schema).
Although negative thoughts about a distressing event are normal, brooding on distress in a repetivite, non-problem solving way, can lead to depression. This is known as ______
Rumination
Ambrose avoids leaving his house for any reason, and experiences panic attacks if he is forced to go outside. Which diagnosis best fits Ambrose’s symptoms?
Agoraphobia