HTN
Essential HTN is most commonly found in what ethnicity?
African American
What is thrombus?
Blood clot
DVT is the most common type of?
Thrombophlebitis
(blood clot with inflammation)
What is asthma?
Chronic disease that occurs intermittently, inflammation of airway & tissue sensitivity.
What two diseases make up COPD?
Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema
Health assessment finding in HTN crisis?
Abdominal bruits
PVD S/S include?
Pitting edema, warm to touch, yellowish brown in color, groin/calf pain, irregular shaped wounds/shallow wounds, no gangrene
{ELEVATE}
Ways to diagnose DVT?
#1 way Doppler Flow Studies (ultrasound)
#2 way D-dimer (blood test that measures protein to breakdown clots)
#3 MRI
S/S of asthma and levels of symptom control?
Daytime symptoms of wheezing, dyspnea, coughing. Rescue drug needed more than twice a week. Waking from night sleep with symptoms of wheezing, dyspnea, coughing. Number of times per week activity was limited or stopped by symptoms.
Controlled- no symptoms
Partly controlled- 1-2 of symptoms
Uncontrolled- 3-4 symptoms
#1 classic sign in adults- inability to speak in full sentences
#1 classic sign in peds- nasal flaring and stridor
S/S of COPD?
Hypoxemia (low level of O2 in blood), acidosis, respiratory failure, cardiac failure, dysrhythmias, respiratory infection.
smoking, breathing complications, activity level, weight.
{clubbed fingers} {low weight} {chronic cough} {wheezing}
What drug therapies are recommended for HTN?
Diuretics, CCB’s, ACE inhibitors, ARB’s, BETA Blockers
PAD S/S include:
Hair loss, dry/palr/cool skin, thickened toenails, muscle atrophy.
{DANGLE}
(PAD IS A RESULT OF SYSTEMIC ATHEROSCLEROSIS)
Thrombus associated without inflammation?
Phlebothrombosis
What causes asthma?
Specific allergens, general irritants, microorganisms, aspirin/NSAIDS.
Can you do Chest PT before or after meals?
NO!
When a pt is in HTN crisis which position should you put then in?
Semi-Fowler
4 Stages of PAD:
Stage 1: asymptomatic (no s/s)
stage 2: claudication(muscle pain from moving)
stage 3: rest pain (burning in extremity while resting)
stage 4: Necrosis/Gangrene (cell death/tissue death)
Management/Treatment of DVT/VTE/Varicose Veins?
Compression stockings, anticoagulants (warfarin), exercise, elevation
surgical- thrombectomy, inferior vena cava filtration
PaCO2 may be _______ but will _______ due to CO2 retention. (fill in the blank)
IgE levels will be?
Decreased, Increase
increased
COPD exacerbation S/S?
Increased cough, change in color, change in thickness of sputum(mucus)
What is the difference between Arteriosclerosis and Atherosclerosis?
Art- is thickening/hardening of arterial wall
Ather- forms plaque in the arterial wall
How to treat/manage PAD vs. PVD?
PAD: Excercise/positioning, anticoagulant therapy, high fiber diet, reduce sodium/cholesterol/fat intake. Drink lots of water.
PVD: Anticoagulant therapy, compression stockings, SCDs, foot pumps, exercise, reduce sodium intake
What is varicose veins, VTE, DVT?
Varicose veins- distended, protruding veins that appear darkened & tortuous.
VTE- (venous thromboembolism)- blood clot formed in a vein.
DVT- (deep vein thrombosis)- blood clot in the vein with inflammation.
Status asthmaticus S/S and Treatment?
Extreme labored breathing, wheezing, use of accessory muscles, neck vein distention.
IV fluids, systemic bronchodilator, steroids, epinephrine, O2 {prepare for intubation, sudden absence of wheezing or low O2.}
{PEAK FLOW METER MONITORS ASTHMA CONTROL}
Treatment/management of COPD?
Diaphragmatic breathing- lie down, knees bent, in nose, exhale pursed lips
Pursed lip breathing- sit, inhale deep, purse lips, exhale
Controlled cough- sit, slow deep breath, hold, lean forward cough 2x
semi Fowler position, coughing, O2, bronchodilator, corticosteroids