Endocrinology
What gland secretes melatonin in response to changes in the body's circadian rhythm (internal clock), emotions and mood?
Pineal gland
What renal hormone stimulates bone marrow to produce RBCs?
Erythropoietin (EPO)
What is the largest artery?
Aorta
What type of lymphatic tissues play a critical role in the immunity of the GI system?
Peyer's Patches
What physical barrier (1st line defense) removes inhaled pathogens and irritants form the lungs?
Mucociliary escalator
What type of pancreatic cell secretes insulin?
Beta cells
What is the average life span of a RBC (days)?
120 days
What system do cardiac medications (ACE-I; ARB) that treat HTN, heart failure and CKD act upon?
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)
What type of B cell is responsible for producing antibodies?
Plasma cells
What anatomical structure separates blood from air and allows for gas exchange between O2 and CO2?
Blood-air or Alveolar-capillary barrier
What is the medication class (or MOA) of Ozempic?
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist
What iron (Fe)-containing protein has the ability to bind multiple O2 molecules?
Hemoglobin (Hb)
What are the two (2) types of cardiac dysfunction that is diagnosed by the results of an electrocardiogram (ECG)?
Arrythmias and Atrial fibrillation (AFib)
All pathways of the complement system result in the formation of this protein complex.
Membrane attack complex (MAC)
What are the two main types of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)?
Emphysema and Chronic bronchitis
What hematological disorder results form decreased/poor blood circulation (atherosclerosis, thrombus, embolism)?
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
What blood type is referred to as the "universal recipient"?
Type AB
Which circulatory system transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?
Pulmonary
What is the only immunoglobulin (Ig) that is able to cross the placenta?
IgG
Sympathetic innervation of the respiratory system results in an increase or decrease in vascularity and respiratory rate (RR)?
Increase
What two (2) hormones are responsible for maintaining the homeostasis of blood calcium?
Calcitonin and PTH
What is the hemolytic disease of newborn (HDN) that requires the administration of RHOGAM?
Erythroblastosis fetalis
RL is a 22 y/o student at PSU that consumed alcohol while celebrating Halloween. RL experienced frequent urination due to the inhibition of what hormone?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
What type of specialized cell engulfs and ingests foreign particles to destroy them?
Phagocytes (Phagocytosis)
What is the most commonly prescribed maintenance inhaler used to treat COPD?
Bronchodilators