Replication
This molecule serves as the template for synthesizing new DNA strands in replication.
What is DNA?
This is the structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
What is a cell?
This type of signaling molecule binds to receptors on a cell’s surface to initiate a cellular response.
What is a ligand?
This is the process by which a cell divides to form two identical ‘daughter’ cells.
What is mitosis?
This is the sequence of DNA that carries an organism’s genetic information.
What is genotype?
DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in this direction.
What is 5’ to 3’?
A collection of cells working together to perform a specific function is called this.
What is a tissue?
This hormone, also known as adrenaline, is released by the adrenal gland during the ‘fight or flight’ response.
What is epinephrine?
During this phase of the cell cycle, DNA is replicated to prepare for cell division.
What is the S phase?
The process that converts DNA to RNA is known by this term.
This enzyme unwinds the DNA strands to create a replication fork.
What is helicase?
Made up of tubulin dimers, these structures help maintain cell shape and support organelle positioning.
What are microtubules?
This type of signaling involves neurotransmitters and occurs between nerve cells.
What is synaptic signaling?
This phase of mitosis is characterized by chromosomes lining up at the ‘metaphase plate’ or the cell’s equator.
What is metaphase?
This type of mutation substitutes one nucleotide for another without changing the resulting amino acid.
What is a silent mutation?
This type of DNA strand is synthesized continuously towards the replication fork.
What is the leading strand?
These transmembrane proteins connect adjacent cells and provide structural continuity.
What are cadherins?
The enzyme adenylyl cyclase converts ATP to this molecule, which acts as a secondary messenger in signal transduction.
What is cyclic AMP (or cAMP)?
In animal cells, this structure forms during cytokinesis to separate the cytoplasm, resulting in two cells.
What is the cleavage furrow?
A mutation that results in the premature formation of a stop codon is known by this name.
What is a nonsense mutation?
When mispaired or damaged DNA is detected, this enzyme removes the incorrect region before repair.
What is a nuclease?
To spread through the body, metastatic cancer cells must cross this twice.
What is the basal lamina.
This type of receptor on a cell’s membrane changes shape when a ligand binds, enabling signaling pathways like the one involving G-protein-coupled receptors.
What is a membrane receptor?
This protein complex cleaves cohesins, allowing sister chromatids to separate during anaphase.
What is separase?
This mutation shifts the entire reading frame of a gene by adding or deleting one or two nucleotides.
What is a frameshift mutation?