microbe minutes
which bacteria requires hemin (X factor) and NAD (V factor) for growth in the lab?
Haemophilus influenzae
what is in the energy investment phase for glycolysis?
1 molecule of glucose (6 carbon), 2 ADP, 2 NAD+
what is allosteric regulation
a reversible process that controls a proteins activity by binding a regulatory molecule to a distinct site on the protein (non-competitive inhibitor)
explain the movement of an archaea's flagella
counterclockwise = run
clockwise = backwards
explain the movement of a bacteria's flagella
counterclockwise = run
clockwise = tumble, change direction
which bacterium is most likely to cause dysentery?
Shigella flexneri
what is the difference between substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?
in substrate level phosphorylation energy comes directly from ADP or GDP that is phosphorylated by a substrate to produce ATP or GTP. in oxidative phosphorylation energy is derived from the electron transport chain
true/false: if you have a Low km the enzyme has a lower affinity for the substrate
false. if you have a Low km the enzyme has a higher affinity for substrate
what is the archaea cell wall made of?
pseudomurin
what is the bacterial cell wall made of
what is the primary pathogenic characteristic of francisella tularensis?
It is an intracellular pathogen.
what are the other names that the TCA cycle can be called?
Krebs cycle, citric acid cycle
true/false: apoenzymes don't need a cofactor to become activated
false
where does the flagella grow from?
grows from the base
where does the flagella grow from
grows from the tip
Which bacterium can cause plant soft rot and impacts post-harvest produce quality? (pectobacterium or agrobacterium)
Pectobacterium carotovorum
how does the electron transport chain work?
electrons flow from carriers (donors) with more negative reduction potentials to carriers (acceptors) with more positive reduction potential
explain the lock and key model vs the induced fit model
the lock and key model explains how the conformation/shape of the substrate it complementary to the active site. one flaw is that it doesn't allow for flexibility in the system. this led to a newer model/explanation called the induced fit where substrates are still specific to the active site but the binding of the substrate helps determine the final shape of the enzyme
true/false: the monolayer is more rigid than the bilayer
true
what are the seven steps of endospore formation
1. axial filament formation
2. septum formation and forespore development
3. engulfment of forespore
4. cortex formation
5. coat synthesis
6. completion of coat synthesis, increase in refractivity and heat resistance
7. lysis of sporangium
true/false: pectobacterium carotovorum requires oxygen for growth and cannot survive in anaerobic conditions
False (it is a facultative anaerobe)
why is more ATP generated from the ETC than TCA
the large difference in reduction potentials results in a large amount of energy released to be used by ATP synthase via secondary active transport
what is a metabolic pathway
a sequence of enzymatically catalyzed chemical reactions that are determined by enzymes
what kind of histone wrapping does an archaeal cell have
tetramer
true/false: capsules are made from lipopolysacharides
false: composed of polysacharides