Lifespan Development
What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?
A. biology
B. environment and culture
C. genetics
D. sexual preference
B. environment and culture
Otto is so driven to become a school psychologist that he spends every night studying. This sentence describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal, also called ________.
A. emotion
B. habit
C. drive
D. motivation
D. motivation
Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, “my smother” instead of “my mother.” What does this exemplify?
A. archetype
B. collective unconscious
C. Freudian slip
D. repressed memory
C. Freudian slip
A negative attitude and feeling toward an individual that is based solely on that person’s membership in a specific group is called ________.
A. discrimination
B. a stereotype
C. prejudice
D. conformity
C. prejudice
Which theorist is credited with proposing the psychosexual stages of development?
A. Erik Erikson
B. Jean Piaget
C. Lawrence Kohlberg
D. Sigmund Freud
D. Sigmund Freud
What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?
A. cognitive capacity
B. environment and culture
C. genes and biology
D. language acquisition
C. genes and biology
Food, water, shelter, and warmth represent ________ needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
A. acceptance
B. esteem
C. physiological
D. security
C. physiological
________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar.
A. Congruence
B. Egotism
C. Incongruence
D. Self-efficacy
A. Congruence
When Jacob came home from work upset about a disagreement he’d had with his boss, his wife Jodi sat down to listen to him. She imagined the argument that had occurred, and tried to understand how her husband was feeling. Jodi is demonstrating a high level of ________.
A. sympathy
B. instrumental support
C. empathy
D. infatuation
C. empathy
According to ________, lifespan development encompasses eight stages and at each stage we encounter a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved.
A. Abraham Maslow
B. Erik Erikson
C. Jean Piaget
D. Lawrence Kohlberg
B. Erik Erikson
Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?
A. egocentrism
B. object permanence
C. reversibility
D. stranger anxiety
B. object permanence
Cici firmly believes that every child deserves a loving parent. She becomes a foster parent because she knows that it is the right thing to do, even though she receives no material rewards for doing so. Cici becomes a foster parent because of ________ motivation.
A. biological
B. extrinsic
C. instinct
D. intrinsic
D. intrinsic
Many cultures have stories about a hero who goes on a quest, such as Hercules, King Arthur, and Gilgamesh. What would Carl Jung say this exemplified?
A. archetypes
B. the id
C. the shadow
D. womb envy
A. archetypes
Which type of persuasion approach involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?
A. door-in-the-face strategy
B. foot-in-the-door technique
C. lowball technique
D. effort justification strategy
B. foot-in-the-door technique
Self-worth, accomplishment, and confidence represent the ________ level of needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
A. esteem
B. physiological
C. security
D. self-actualization
A. esteem
Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this?
A. avoidant
B. disorganized
C. resistant
D. secure
D. secure
What is the primary distinction between bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder?
A. Those with binge eating disorder are typically very overweight while those with bulimia nervosa are typically very underweight.
B. Those with bulimia nervosa are typically very overweight while those with binge eating disorder are typically very underweight.
C. Binge eating disorder involves inappropriate purging behaviors while binge nervosa does not.
D. Bulimia nervosa involves inappropriate purging behaviors while binge eating disorder does not.
D. Bulimia nervosa involves inappropriate purging behaviors while binge eating disorder does not.
A(n) ________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn’t measure up to the standards of others or of society.
A. Freudian
B. inferiority
C. Electra
D. Oedipal
B. inferiority
The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve.
A. equal status
B. come-uppance
C. just-world
D. equipoentiality
C. just-world
According to Carl Rogers, a healthy personality would result from congruence between one’s ______ self and their ________ self.
A. guided; achieved
B. internalized; externalized
C. idea; perceived
D. real; ideal
D. real; ideal
During adolescence there is a tendency to see people engage in higher levels of risk-taking behavior. Emotional outbursts are also quite common. This is explained by the relative underdevelopment of the ________ lobe of the cerebral cortex.
A. occipital
B. temporal
C. frontal
D. parietal
C. frontal
A(n) ________ is a subjective, affective state of being that we often describe as our feelings. A(n) ________ refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experience.
A. habit; motivation
B. emotion; mood
C. mood; emotion
D. motivation; habit
B. emotion; mood
Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________.
A. an external locus on control
B. an internal locus of control
C. good self-regulation
D. poor self-regulation
B. an internal locus of control
What was the main conclusion drawn from the Stanford prison experiment?
A. social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior
B. students cannot be relied upon to act appropriately
C. students cannot be trusted in roles of authority
D. when operating in a group, some people will put forth less effort than if they were operating alone
A. social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior
What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram’s obedience study?
A. When acting in a group, people will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.
B. Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.
C. Stanley Milgram was driven by political and personal agendas that demonstrated how research can be biased.
D. Research is only useful if it can be successfully replicated time and time again.
B. Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.