Biological and Psychological Theories
Believed deviance could be detected by physical traits like low foreheads and protruding jaws
Who is Cesare Lombroso
Accepting both society’s goals and approved means.
What is Conformity?
System in which people are ranked hierarchically, persists across generations.
What is Social Stratification?
Crime type where the use or threat of violence is involved.
What is a crime against people?
Top 1% of the world controls about this percent of wealth.
What is 50%?
Suggested that deviants may look normal but are born with a tendency toward deviance.
What is Genetics?
Rejecting society’s goals but still following the rules.
What is Ritualism?
Movement up or down in class, rarely occurs in the U.S.
What is Vertical Mobility?
Crime type that benefits the rich, often ignored by media.
What is White-collar crime?
Stage in Rostow’s modernization theory where technology begins to expand.
What is Take-off?
Studied 12-year-old boys to link personality traits to deviance.
Who are Reckless & Dinitz?
Rejecting both societal goals and means.
What is Retreatism?
U.S. upper class who inherited wealth.
What is Upper-Upper Class / “Old Money”?
Punishment strategy designed to scare people from committing crime.
What is Deterrence?
Term for countries dependent on industrialized nations, often via exports and debt.
What is Dependency Theory / Neocolonialism?
Theory that deviance results from a defective personality.
What is Psychological Theory?
Creating new goals and new means.
What is Rebellion?
Theory claiming stratification benefits society if based on meritocracy.
What is Davis-Moore / Structural-Functional Theory?
Punishment aiming to reform criminals, often fails due to 75% recidivism.
What is Rehabilitation?
Percent of global children in absolute poverty that are girls.
What is 70%?
Belief that deviance is entirely the individual’s fault, not society’s.
What is the Sociological (individual-fault) perspective?
Accepting goals but rejecting means.
What is Innovation?
Three elements Weber says stratification is based on.
What are Economic inequality, Status, and Prestige?
Term for buying and displaying goods to show social status.
What is Conspicuous Consumption?
Theory claiming countries stayed poor due to adherence to traditional ways.
What is Modernization Theory?