Deep Ocean Circulation
What are the two main types of circulation, and what drives them?
Average Conditions
Draw or describe the Oxygen Concentration vs Temperature diagram
The colder the water, the more gas it can hold
Define Diffusion
Molecules from high concentration to low concentration
Describe Diel Vertical Migration
rise to shallow water at night, sink to deeper water during the day
What is the pressure of animal tissue in relation to the environment
Animals maintain pressure in tissue equal to ambient pressure
If you mix two water masses of equal density together, what happens to the density of the new mixed water? Does it increase or decrease?
If you mix two water masses of equal density, the density of the resulting mixture remains the same; it neither increases nor decreases. That’s because density depends on both temperature and salinity, but if the starting densities are equal, their combined mixture will have the same overall density. There’s no net gain or loss in density when equal-density water masses mix.
Where does CO2 diffuse to? And how?
Diffusion into the ocean from the atmosphere and vice versa
Caused by:
1. wind
2. surface mixing
3. Concentration of CO2
4. Temp
Define Osmosis. Why does osmosis occur
Diffusion of water. Water molecules diffuse to equalize solute concentrations.
What are the characteristic of the Mesopelagic
Not enough light for photosynthesis
Thermocline found here
Higher pressure than epipelagic
Smaller fish
What characteristic do animals have to catch food in the deep sea, and why do they need these
large teeth and mouth due to limited food
Upwelling and downwelling can be caused by....
density differences in water and wind-driven surface currents
What is pH
What is active and passive transport
Active: transporting particles against their concentration gradient requieres energy
Passive: transporting molecules along the gradient and does not require energy
3 Orders of Marine Mammals
Cetacea, Sirenia, Carnivora
What are Sea Pigs
Type of echinoderm
Deposit feeders
Likes whale corpses
Form large groups of 100s
What is Caballing?
two water masses of the same density (different T & S) mix, they produce a blend that is denser
What controls dissolved gas concentrations
controlled by biological, physical, and chemical factors
Define the following terms:
1. isotonic
2. Hypotonic
3. Hypertonic
•Isotonic – concentrations of solutes/water are equal between the 2 solutions
•Hypotonic – lower concentration of solutes, higher concentration of water
•Hypertonic – higher concentration of solutes, lower concentration of water
Suborders of Cetacea, Sirenia, Carnivora and one example of each
Cetaceans – dolphins, whales, porpoises
Sirenians – manatees, dugong
Pinnipeds – seals, sea lions, walrus
Dr. Z's definition of Biodiversity
how many species in a given area
Describe the Ocean conveyor belt: what is it? What does it impact? Circuit?
slow movement of water driven by density
impact on global climate change
1000yr
Draw the ocean acidification diagram
Slide 24
Define these 4 terms: Ectotherms, Endotherms, Osmoconformers, Osmoregulators
osmoregulation: maintain a constant osmoality
ectotherms: obtain heat from the environment
endotherm: maintains ones own body temp
DOUBLE JEOPARDY !!!!!!!!
Compare and Contrast Vertical Migrators and Non-migrators
Vertical: Non-migrators:
Swim Bladder weak bones
Well-developed muscles Weak Muscles
Similarities:
Large eyes
Photophores
Small body
Unitl what depth does biodiversity increase with
2,000m