Family
What is a nuclear family?
A household consisting of two parents and their children.
What has been the outcome of No Child Left Behind?
Test preparation has taken classroom time from physical education, arts, and the humanities.
What is medicalization? Give one example.
Treating non-medical problems as medical issues; example: ADHD or alcoholism.
Define sustainable development.
Meeting current needs without harming future generations’ ability to meet theirs.
What was coverture and why was it important?
A legal doctrine where a wife’s legal identity was absorbed into her husband’s, limiting women’s rights
What is tracking in schools, and why do sociologists criticize it?
Tracking groups students by perceived ability, which often reproduces social and racial inequalities.
What is the sick role?
Expectations for sick individuals to seek treatment and avoid blame for illness.
What is the difference between the Human Exemptionalist Paradigm and New Environmental Paradigm?
HEP assumes humans are separate from nature; NEP emphasizes humans’ dependence on ecological systems.
Give an example of how conflict theory might explain inequality in education
Education perpetuates inequality through tracking and unequal school funding.
What does “second shift” mean?
The unpaid housework and childcare women often do after completing paid work.
Give one example of the hidden curriculum.
Learning punctuality, obedience, or gender roles without being formally taught.
What does the fundamental cause theory say about health?
Socioeconomic status shapes health because it affects access to resources like care and healthy food.
What is conspicuous consumption?
Buying luxury goods to show status, which often increases environmental harm.
What does symbolic interactionism focus on in schools?
Everyday interactions like teacher-student relationships and labeling.
How is concerted cultivation different from working-class parenting?
Middle-class parents actively organize children’s activities and education; working-class parents are more hands-off and authoritarian.
A government funded program that allows parents to use state funded allotments for either public or private education is called ______.
A voucher program
What did the FDA do in the 1990s that caused direct-to-consumer drug advertising to increase?
reduced disclosure of side effects requirements
What is environmental racism?
Minority communities face disproportionate exposure to environmental hazards; example: Flint water crisis.
What is the treadmill of production?
Capitalism’s drive for endless growth, which depletes natural resources.
How does the feminist perspective view families?
Families often reinforce gender inequality through traditional roles and expectations.
What did the Abecedarian Project show?
Children in high-quality early education programs were more likely to attend college and succeed academically.
Name one goal of the Affordable Care Act.
Expand health insurance coverage and reduce the number of uninsured Americans.
How do eco-Marxism and ecological modernization differ?
Eco-Marxism calls for radical change to end capitalism’s ecological harm; ecological modernization promotes eco-friendly business practices and technology.
What does intersectionality mean? Give an example.
Overlapping identities shape experiences; example: working-class mothers face unique challenges.