Cellular
The molecule that serves as the main energy currency of the cell
What is ATP?
The final product of glycolysis
What is pyruvate?
The series of proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons and pump protons
What is the electron transport chain?
The organelle where photosynthesis occurs
What is the chloroplast?
Glycolysis occurs in this part of the cell
What is the cytoplasm?
This 6-carbon sugar is the starting molecule of glycolysis
What is glucose?
The cycle that completely oxidizes fuel molecules and produces NADH and FADH2
What is the citric acid cycle?
The process in cellular respiration where electrons move through a chain to oxygen and ATP is produced using a proton gradient
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
(electron transport chain and atp synthase)
The reduced electron carrier produced during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle that donates electrons to the electron transport chain
What is NADH?
The pigment that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis?
What is chlorophyll?
The process that partially breaks down glucose into pyruvate and produces a small amount of ATP
What is glycolysis?
The stage of photosynthesis that produces ATP and NADPH using light energy
What are light reactions?
The molecule that serves as the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration
What is oxygen (O2)?
The type of energy within the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane that powers ATP synthesis
What is potential energy?
The enzyme that produces ATP using the proton gradient
What is ATP synthase?
The molecule that pyruvate is converted into before entering the citric acid cycle after
What is acetyl-CoA?
The process cells use to generate ATP without oxygen by regenerating NAD+
What is fermentation?
(lactic acid or ethanol)
These two products from the light reactions power the Calvin cycle
What are ATP and NADPH
The light reactions occur in this structure of the chloroplast
What are thylakoid membranes?
The Calvin cycle takes place in this region of the chloroplast
What is the stroma?
The phase of glycolysis that consumes ATP in order to destabilize and trap glucose in the cell
What is the prepatory phase?
During glycolysis, glucose is split into two molecules of this 3-carbon intermediate before the payoff phase
What is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)?
The enzyme that fixes carbon dioxide during the Calvin cycle but can also bind oxygen
What is Rubisco?
The electron carrier that transfers electrons from Complex III to Complex IV in the mitochondiral electron transport chain
What is cytochrome c?
This carrier molecule becomes NADH when it gains electrons
What is NAD+?