Osmotic Regulation
In what kind of environment do cells shrink?
Hypertonic
What is one sign of inflammation?
Redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function
What is a cell's standard resting potential?
-70 mV
Which part of the nervous system is considered the "rest and digest" portion?
Parasympathetic nervous system
What is the other name for the mesencephalon?
Midbrain
What type of nitrogenous waste is water insoluble?
Uric acid
Which type of cells produce antibodies/immunoglobins?
B cells
How many Na+ and K+ molecules are moved out/in of the cell during one round of the sodium potassium pump?
3 Na+ out, 2 K+ in
Which type of receptor responds to pressure, touch, hearing, and balance?
Mechanoreceptors
Where in the body do T cells mature?
Thymus
Which part of the loop of Henle is permeable to water?
Descending loop
Which type of immunity protects against extracellular pathogens?
Humoral immunity
What type of channels are open at the height of an action potential?
Voltage-gated K+ channels
What is the name of the process in which synapses become stronger due to repeated patterns of activity?
Long term potentiation
What does the posterior pituitary do when the body is dehydrated?
What is the name of the osmoregulatory system commonly used by insects?
Malpighian tubules
Name one reason it is so difficult to create an effective vaccine for HIV.
High mutation rate, difficulty of detection, HIV targets CD4 T cells
Myelin sheaths allow for what type of conduction?
Saltatory conduction
Which type of reflex requires an interneuron to act as an intermediary between sensory and motor neurons?
Polysynaptic reflexes
Which hormone is released by the adrenal gland to initiate the fight or flight response?
Epinephrine