Fluid Balance and Electrolytes
This electrolyte is the major extracellular cation
Sodium
Normal blood pH range is
7.35-7.45
When pH is abnormal and the opposite system remains normal, this compensation status is present
Uncompensated
this hormone lowers blood glucose levels
insulin
Clouding of the eye lens is called this
cataracts
A potassium level of 2.9 places the patient at risk for this complication
Cardiac dysrhythmias
A patient has
pH - 7.30
PaCO2 - 50
HCO3 - 24
What acid base imbalance is this?
Respiratory Acidosis Uncompensated
When pH is abnormal and the opposite system is beginning to correct, this compensation status exists
Partially compensated
Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia are classic signs of this condition
hyperglycemia
increased intraocular pressure is characteristic of this disorder
glaucoma
What IV solution is 0.9% normal saline considered
Isotonic IV solution
A patient has
pH - 7.50
PaCO2 - 30
HCO3 - 24
What acid base imbalance is this?
Respiratory alkalosis uncompensated
When pH returns to normal but PaCO2 or HCO3 remains abnormal this compensation status exists
Fully compensated
the priority treatment for severe hypoglycemia is an unconscious patient is
sudden painless loss of vision of most concerning for this emergency
retinal detachment
Muscle weakness, peaked T waves, cardiac conduction changes are signs of this imbalance
Hyperkalemia
A patient has..
pH - 7.28
PaCO2 - 40
HCO3 - 18
What acid base imbalance is this?
metabolic acidosis uncompensated
Kussmaul respirations are commonly seen in this acid base disorder
metabolic acidosis
DKA is commonly associated with this type of diabetes
Type 1
the nurse should teach a patient with glaucoma to avoid this action because it increases interocular pressure
bending over or straining
The nurse should expect this treatment for severe symptomatic hyponatremia
Hypertonic saline
a patient has..
pH - 7.36
PaCO2 - 55
HCO3 - 32
What acid base imbalance is this?
Respiratory acidosis fully compensated
Fruity breath, ketones, and kussmaul respirations suggest this emergency
Floaters, flashes of light, and a curtain over vision indicate this condition
retinal detachment