Nucleotides
What are nucleotides composed of
Phosphate, Pentose Sugar, and a Nitrogenous base
What is the backbone that holds nucleic acids together?
Phosphate Sugar backbone
What groups make up an amino acid?
Amine Group, Carboxylic Acid, and an R group
What are the levels of protein structure
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary
What is a phospholipid and what is their function?
Has a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. They make the cell bilayer semi-permiable.
What are the 2 main nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides? Draw the structures.
Purine and Pyrimidine
What are the DNA and RNA Base Pairs? What bonds hold them together?
DNA: A,T 2 -Hbonds
DNA: C,G 3-Hbonds
RNA: A,U 2- Hbonds
RNA: G,C 3-Hbonds
What kind of ion is an amino acid in physiological pH
zwitterion
What are the functions of proteins
movement, storage, transport, hormones, enzymes, structures, antibodies
What kind of bonds do Saturated and Unsaturated fats have?
Saturated= single
Unsaturated= double
Draw Ribose and Deoxyribose on the board
answer on board
What linkage joins DNA and RNA strands together?
Phosphodiester linkage
Draw an amino acid on the board
answer is drawn
Primary: Peptide
Seconday: Hbond with backbone
Tertiary: Hbonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic bonds, disulfide bridge between R groups
Quaternary: Same as tertiary
Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols fall under what macromolecule category?
Lipids
What are the subgroups of Purine and Pyrimidine? Which subgroups are found in DNA? Which are found in RNA?
Purine: Adenine, Guanine
Pyrimidine: Tymine, Cytosine, Urasil
DNA: A,G,T,C
RNA: A,G,C,U
How would you describe the orientation of DNA?
Antiparallel
What bond links an amino acid together? Can you draw the bond?
Pepide bond
List the 3 reasons mentioned in class for protein denaturization
High temperature
Low pH
exposure to chemicals
What functional group forms a disulfide bond that makes the amino acid Cysteine?
-SH
Draw a full nucleotide on the board
Functions of Nucleic Acids
Genetic Material, information transport, information translation, protein assembly, enzymes, gene regulation
What reaction joins amino acids together?
Dehydration reaction
When an amino acid has been joined with another amino acid, what is its new name?
Amino Acid residue
Draw an amino acid with a Phenylalanine group as the R variable
structure on board