EXAM 3

ABG's

100

PH=7.25

CO2=49

What is this? 

Respiratory acidosis

200

If the PaO2 is less then 80 what does that indicate?

Hypoxia

300

pH=7.48

PaCo2= normal

HCO3=29

Metabolic Alkalosis not compensated

400

PH=7.36

PaCo2=49

HCO3=28

Imbalance and compensation?

Resp. acidosis full compensation

500

What are the different types of chemical buffers?

bicarb-carbonic acid

phosphate

protein

hemoglobin

Electrolyes

100

Alkalosis, laxative/enema abuse, loop diuretics, hyperaldosteronism

hypokalemia

200

Hypoparathroidectomy, thyroidectomy, alkalosis, large amounts of blood

hypocalcemia

300

When to much of the SIADH is released what cause of electrolyte imbalance do we get?

Hyponatremia

water retention dilutes the Na

400

Malignant tumors, prolonged immobility

hypercalcemia

500

Acute renal failure, acidosis, rhabdomyloysis, chemo

hyperphosphatemia

Acid/Base

100

What is the ratio for Bicarb and Carbonic Acid

What is 20:1

200

What are the 3 buffer systems and when do they respond?

Chemical-second Lungs-min kidneys hour to days

300

If you have a CO2 excess what is the acid-base imbalance?

Respiratory Alkalosis

400

Airway obstruction, pneumonia, COPD, Aspiration 

What am I in?

respiratory acidosis

500

A High Anion Gap results in what?

Gain of Acids

Nursing Interventions

100

What is the nursing intervention if the K+ is above 7

heart monitor, calcium gluconate or calcium chloride, insulin

brings heart rate up and insulin drive K+ back into cell

200

when this is below 120 what nursing intervention do we do?

3-5% hypertonic fluids, vital signs, lung sounds, sodium levels,  seizure precautions, pt. education

300

calcitonin, increase fiber, gentle care to prevent fractures, ROM excercises, ambulation

hypercalcemia

400

Insulin and glucose, kayexelate enema, sodium bicarb, dialysis, calcium chloride or calcium gluconate

hyperkalemia

500

temp and resp, risk for infection, strict sterile tech, risk for fractures, pt education

hypophosphatemia

S/S

100

Fruity smelling breath, Kussmaul respirations, cold and clammy

Metabolic Acidosis

200

Hypertension, Extreme thirst, hallucinations, restlessness and agitation

hypernatremia

300

Ventricular dysrhythmia, hypertension, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Babinski reflex, dysphagia

hypomagnesemia

400

Hypoactive bowel sounds, U Wave, leg cramps hypoactive reflexes

hypokalemia

500

Risk for infection, bone pain/fractures, brusing and bleeding, hand grasps weak

hypophosphemia