Movement of Molecules
What is the diffusion of water?
osmosis (water follows stuff)
What is the job of catalysts?
speed up the rate of a chemical reaction without becoming part of the products or consumed in the reaction
What is transcription? What is translation?
DNA - RNA
RNA - protein
What is the general term for organisms found in harsh, extreme environments?
extremeophiles
What are the three layers of the heart? Outside to inside
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
What are the stages of a typical growth curve of bacteria?
Lag, exponential growth, stationary, death
Fermentation is said to be inefficient at producing ATP. Why is this?
It only produces 2 ATP compared to the 34 in cellular respiration
Leading - continuous
Lagging - discontinuous (done in segments - Okazaki fragments)
What are the steps of translation?
Initiation, elongation, termination
How are the following transmitted?
1Cat scratch fever, 2Malaria, 3Lyme disease, 4Mono
1Cat scratch
2mosquitoes
3ticks
4saliva
What is an antagonistic relationship?
A nonsymbiotic relationship in which an organisms destroys or inhibits the growth of another.
What is denaturation? What can cause denaturation?
When proteins unravel and lose their shape, become non functional.
High temp, change in pH, chemicals
What does semiconservative replication mean?
Each strand of DNA has a parent (template strand) and daughter strand (new strand)
How have bacteria adapted to life in hypotonic environments? What about amoebas?
Bacteria have cell wall to keep them from bursting
Amoebas have contractile vacuoles to pump out excess water.
How does Ebola and Marburg affect the body?
Causes issues with clotting, high fever, spread through direct body contact.
No effective treatment
What are the types of active transport? (Goes against the concentration, requires energy)
endocytosis - into
exocytosis - exit
phagocytosis - solid
pinocytosis - liquid
What are the steps of cellular respiration? What step creates the most ATP? Which creates the least?
Glycolysis - no oxygen, splitting of glucose
Kreb's cycle
Electron transport chain
Most - ETC
Least - Kreb's Cycle
What are the differences between RNA and DNA?
DNA deoxyribose sugar, RNA ribose sugar
DNA double stranded, RNA single stranded
DNA has thymine, RNA has uracil
What is the job of helicase? What is the job of ligase?
Helicase - unwinds the helix
ligase - seals segments in the lagging strand
What are the three types of plague?
Septicemic
Bubonic
pneumonic
What are the three tonicities?
hypotonic - cell swell
hypertonic - cell shrinks
isotonic - cell is stable
What are the three catabolic pathways?
Anaerbic respiration
Fermentation
What are the jobs of the types of RNA?
mRNA - codons - code for amino acids
tRNA - anticodons bind to codons, carry amino acid
rRNA - help hold the ribosome together
What is the start codon? What are the three stop codons?
AUG
UAG
UGA
UAA
What are some of the opportunistic infections linked with HIV?
Pneumonia caused by Pneumocystitis jiroveci
Kaposi’s sarcoma (cancer)