Motivation
When a person performs an action because it leads to an outcome that is separate from or external to the person.
What is extrinsic motivation?
A certain physical arousal, a certain behavior that reveals the emotion to the outside world and an inner awareness of feelings.
What are the "feeling" components of emotion?
Different participants of various ages are compared at one point in time to determine age-related differences. (example = perceptions of a given group)
What is a cross-sectional design?
The stage of memory where the information is first acquired.
What is encoding?
Classical conditioning, Operant Conditioning and Observational Learning are 3 parts of what learning theory/perspective.
What is Behaviorism?
The process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs and wants are met.
What is motivation?
This part of the brain is largely involved in fear and aggression.
What is the amygdala?
Present at birth. These include rooting, sucking, startling (Moro), and stepping.
What are motor reflexes?
The theory or model of memory that suggests that information is stored in a similar way a computer processes memory in a series of three stages. (we are active in the process, individuals process the info differently because of prior experience)
What is the information -processing model?
Being startled because of a bang, pulling back and blinking in response to a puff of air at the eye doctors are both examples of this.
What is an unconditioned response?
An approach to motivation that assumes behavior arises from physiological needs that cause internal drives to push the organism to satisfy the need and reduce the tension and arousal.
What is the Drive-Reduction Approach?
Brain cells that fire when a person sees someone else carrying out an action.
What are the mirror neurons?
Theory that suggests is not about who feeds the baby, but rather who offers touch/cuddling.
What is contact comfort?
The brief memory of something a person has heard.
What is echoic memory?
A neutral stimulus that when paired with the Unconditioned Stimulus elicits a similar response. (example = sound of the bell in Pavlov's experiment)
What is a Conditioned Stimulus?
McClelland identified the following needs in the Drive-Reduction Approach.
What are Power, Affiliation, and Achievement?
Emotions that are blends of emotions and are usually culturally driven.
What are secondary emotions?
Attachment style that is believed to be best in the US, when mother leaves baby cries, but when she returns she is welcomed back.
What is securely attached?
The ability to identify information you have previously observed, read, or heard.
What is recognition?
A stimulus that is inherently reinforcing, satisfying a biological need.
What is a primary reinforcer?
Which need was added to the top of Maslow's Hierachy (not by Maslow)?
What is Transcendence? (helping others)
Social and cultural rules that regulate when, how, and where a person may express emotions.
What are display rules?
In this Piaget stage children age 2-7 are egocentric, meaning they only see the world from their point of view.
What is the pre-operational stage?
A stimulus for for remembering something.The more cues stored with a piece of information, the easier retrieval of that information will be. (like a hashtag)
What is a retrieval cue?
The time difference between the CS and the UCS. Usually the shorter the time frame , the more likely conditioning will occur.
What is latency?