Community Corrections
This task is most required of state probation officers.
What is supervision?
Since this era, juvenile crime has been steadily decreasing.
What is the 1990's?
Moving a juvenile case from juvenile court to adult court for trial.
What is transfer of jurisdiction?
The ultimate goal of community corrections.
What is crime desistance?
What is a requirement for probation officers?
This is the minimum education requirement for most U.S. probation officers.
What is a baccalaureate degree?
This is the equivalent of a trial in juvenile court.
What is an adjudication?
The prosecutor files this when brining formal charges against a juvenile.
What is a delinquency petition?
This is the most common measure of crime desistance.
What are recidivism rates?
In states where probation officers carry firearms, they must complete what training?
What is Peace Officer State Training (POST)?
The system in which probation officers are selected by the chief probation officer or by the court(s).
What is the appointment system?
This is the idea that the state should act as a substitute parent and intervene in cases where children have been neglected and/or are dependent.
What is parens patriae?
This allows courts to impose juvenile or adult punishment on young offenders, creating a “middle ground” between traditional juvenile and adult sanctions.
What is blended sentencing?
This theory helps to identify program characteristics that will produce the greatest reduction in recidivism.
What is the risk/need/responsivity theory?
Age & Offense
What are two variables of the juvenile court jurisdiction?
This type officer sees his or her role as administering a form of treatment, according to Klockars typology.
Who is the therapeutic agent?
This type of transfer allows the juvenile court judge to waive jurisdiction to the adult system.
What is a judicial waiver.
Rehabilitation efforts are most successful when these methods are used for three to nine months in duration.
What are cognitive-behavioral interventions?
Juvenile programs that are considered ineffective are usually characterized by too heavy a focus on this.
What is discipline or deterrence?
A juvenile is screened by this person to determine whether the case should proceed further in the juvenile justice system.
What is an intake officer?
This type of immunity protects government officials from any legal action unless they engage in actions that are intentionally and maliciously wrong.
What is absolute immunity?
In re Gault (1967) outlined these rights for juveniles.
What are due process rights?
Communication, casework methods & leverage.
What is Schwalbe's participation process model?
States that indicate that they will reduce their prison populations are eligible to receive federal funding for employment programs, libraries, schools, and public housing may participate in this federal program.
What is Justice Reinvestment?
The most vulnerable period of recidivism.
What is within six months of release?