Endocrine
Give me the names of the hormones released from the anterior pituitary gland.
FLAT MPG
FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, MSH, PRL, GH
What happens when the SA node fires?
atria contracts
Name 2 functions of blood.
transportation, protection, body temperature, body pH, fluid balance
Name 3 of the 6 functions of the respiratory system.
gas exchange, surface area, regulates blood pH, voice production, olfaction, protection
Where are peripheral chemoreceptors located?
aortic and carotid bodies
What's the difference and similarities between FSH and LH?
Similarities: from APG, target organs= ovaries + testes
Differences: FSH = maturation of eggs and production of sperm
LH = release of steroid hormones
Describe the layers of the heart from deep to superficial.
Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium
What type of plasma protein would be most useful in the case of transporting thyroid hormones and steroid hormones?
Albumins (60%)
What part of the respiratory system allows gas exchange and what organs are involved (name 2)?
lower respiratory system; larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
Describe pneumonia.
infection of alveoli cause fluid to leak in = watery respiration
Describe the pathway it takes for thyroid hormone to be released. Include where its preceding hormones are released from.
Hypothalamus --> TRH --> APG --> TSH --> Thyroid gland --> TH --> all cells, liver, adipose, lungs, heart
The superior vena cava receives blood from what 4 places?
head, neck, upper limbs, chest
What role does carbonic anhydrase play in gas exchange in the blood?
converts CO2 and water into H+ ions and bicarbonate.
Why are our conchae lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?
-warming/filtering air
-increase surface area
Name the tributaries of the splenic vein (Hepatic Portal Circulation).
stomach, pancreas, portions of large intestines
Name the hormones released by the kidneys.
cortisol, aldosterone, NE + EP
Describe the pathway of an electrical impulse throughout the heart.
1. SA node fires = atria contract
2. AV node delays = ventricles fill
3. signal reaches Bundle of his, R/L Bundle branches, then Purkinje fibers to the rest of the myocardium
4. Ventricles contract
During Hepatic Portal Circulation, where does blood flow after it passes the liver?
hepatic veins --> IVC --> heart --> abdominal aorta --> proper hepatic artery --> back to the liver again.
Which two passageways of the respiratory system are involved with food?
oropharynx + laryngopharyx
Which type of leukocyte is best used for allergies?
Eosinophils - allergies, parasites, anti-inflammatory
Name 2 examples of hydrophilic and hydrophobic homones.
Hydrophilic: all APG hormones, Calcitonin, Melatonin, NE + EP, Insulin, Glucagon, PTH
Hydrophobic: T3, T4, aldosterone, cortisol, calcitriol
Describe what the P, QRS, and T wave represent.
P = atrial contraction
QRS = ventricle contraction
T = ventricle relaxation
During fetal circulation, where does blood flow after the ductus arteriosus?
to the aortic arch
Explain the relationship of surface tension, water, and pulmonary surfactants in lungs.
water in the alveoli have strong H-bonds, therefore high surface tension. To overcome the tension, type II alveolar cells secrete surfactant to disrupt the H-bonds so the alveoli stays inflated.
What structure supports capillaries and how?
Pericytes - stabilize capillary walls and controls permeability