A
The volume in lungs after maximum inspiration
Total Lung capacity
The heart muscle is called:
Myocardium
The average CO for men equals:
Name the two ventilatory subdivisions
conducting zones, transitional and respiratory zones
The average cardiac output for women
Buffering explain what this is?
chemical and physiologic mechanisms to minimize changes in H+ concentration
Endurance athletes have lower HR @ rest but to achieve a higher Cardiac Output, they must have a _______?
Stroke Volume
What is "normal" blood pressure?
120/80
The heart’s pacemaker is the :
SA node
The volume inspired or expired per breath
Tidal volume
The Bohr effect states
Increases in temperature, acid levels or CO2 levels cause an increase the amount of O2 being disassociated from hemoglobin (removed easier)
How many different waves and intervals are you looking at on a ECG?
6
The volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration is:
the expiratory reserve volume
One molecule of hemoglobin can transport _____ O2 molecules vs one molecule of myoglobin which can transport _____O2 molecules
4:1
140/90
describe the transmission of a cardiac impulse
SA node --> Atria --> AV node -->Purkinje fibers --> Ventricles
How is CO2 carried in the blood?
in plasma, combined with hemoglobin, and as plasma bicarbonate
which influence is considered the brake and accelerator
parasympathetic is the brake, sympathetic accelerator
Cardiac output for trained and untrained individuals
What are the three measures for cardiac output
Direct fick, indicator dilution, co2 rebreathing
describe blood distribution at rest and with exercise
cardiac output diverts 1/5th of the blood to muscle tissue and the rest to all other tissues and organs
what are the two factors that contribute to increase in oxygen consumption with arm exercises.
lower mechanical efficiency and recruitment of additional muscles
Describe the flow of air into the body
Ambient air enters the nose and
mouth --> trachea (and adjusts to body temperature), is filtered and
humidified --> two bronchi --> bronchioles --> alveoli
From body into inferior or superior vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, to the lungs, back to heart into left atrium, into left ventricle, through the aorta back to the body.
explain why bending over after a race is physiologically beneficial
promotes blood flow to the heart and minimizes the antagonistic effects of gravity on the usual upward direction of inspiratory movements.