Exam 3 Content: Joints

Classifying Joints

500

Explain the Structure of a typical Diarthrotic joint as well as their functions and accessory structures 

1. Articular Capsule: 2 layer membrane that surrounds joint capsule 

- Outer: Fibrous capsule 

- Inner: synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid 

2. Articular Discs: Fibrocartilage 

- Labrum: deepen

- Menisci: deepen/cushion 

3. Ligaments: connects bone to bone thick layers that protect 

- Extracapsular: thickenings in external fibrous capsule 

- Intracapsular: inside joint capsule (synovial fluid)

4. Bursae: fluid filled serous sacs that reduce friction between bone and overlying joint 

5. Fat Pads: traps heat; soft squishy pad of cushion

Joints of Upper Extremities

100

The shoulder joint contains what cavity that is further deepened by what structure?

The glenoid cavity further deepened by the glenoid labrum 

200

Define function of the rotator cuff and its attached muscles 

- Provides most support
- Subscapularis: above spine
- Infraspinatus: below spine
- Supraspinatus: anterior
- Teres minor: posterior

300

List and Define the three separate points of articulation 

1. Humero-Ulnar: stabel hinge joint 

2. Humero-Radio: weak hinge joint

3. Radio- Ulnar: pivot joint for supination and pronation 

400

Describes bones, muscles, ligaments and other support structures of the Elbow joint

1. Ulnar Collateral: 

- injury requires Tommy Gun Surgery 

2. Radio Collateral

3. Annular Collateral: spans the radius and ulna keeping them together 

500

Define and distinguish shoulder dislocations vs. seperations

Dislocation: humorous head rolls out of glenoid cavity (more prone to injury)

-anterior dislocation: head rolls forward 

- posterior dislocation: head rolls backward 

Separation: damage to acromioclavicular

ligament usually caused by impact to superior shoulder (less prone to reinjury)

Joints of Lower Extremities

100

The hip joint contains what deep cavity that is further deepened by what structure?

The Acetabulum which is further deepened by the acetabular ligament 

200

Explain the "unhappy triad"; affected structures and probable cause of injury 

Explain the Unhappy Triad

- caused by lateral impact
- MCL, ACL, + a menisci

300

Describe the ligaments of the hip

1. Extracapsular: iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral

2. Intracapsular: 

- Transverse Ligament: Spans gap in the acetabulum 

- Ligament of the femoral Head: Anchors femoral head in acetabulum

400

Describe the potential for injury/dislocations of the hip joint, relative to the shoulder joint

Shoulder is more likely to be injured and depending on injury may be more prone for reinjury (answer will probably be more in-depth but I'm too lazy to type that out)

500

Describe ALL ligaments of the knee

Extracapsular: 

Anterior: Patellar Lig (+ patella, quad, tendon) and Patellar retinaculae
Posterior: Popliteal Ligs (cross)
Medial: MCL
Lateral: LCL 

Intracapsular:

ACL: connects medial condyle of femur to intercondylar eminence
PCL: connects lateral condyle of femur to posterior intercondylar area of tibia
Menisci: Medial and Lateral

Arthritis and Disorders

100

Define Arthritis 

Inflammation at a joint 

200

What gender is more prone to suffering from RA and Why?

Women during there reproductive years 9:1 ratio