Chronic Disease
This term describes a condition lasting longer than one year, requiring ongoing care, and often limiting daily activities.
What is a chronic disease?
This level of communication is also known as “self-talk.”
What is intrapersonal communication?
This is the body’s natural reaction to physical, emotional, or psychological demands.
What is stress?
These traditions, beliefs, and influences shape the structure and function of every family.
What are cultural and societal influences?
This term describes the ongoing, lifelong process of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial change.
What is human development?
These behaviors—like poor nutrition, tobacco use, and alcohol use—increase susceptibility to chronic illness.
What are lifestyle modifiable risk factors?
Encouraging patients to express their feelings is an example of this core nursing concept.
What is caring?
This first stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome triggers the “fight-or-flight” response.
What is the alarm stage?
These two groups most commonly take on the role of primary family caregivers.
Who are spouses and adult children?
This theorist emphasized that development is greatly influenced by genetic and physical maturation.
Who is Arnold Gesell?
These emotional challenges—such as loneliness and depression—can make coping with chronic illness more difficult.
What are psychosocial stressors?
In this phase of the nurse-patient relationship, the nurse reviews the patient’s chart before meeting them.
What is the preinteraction phase?
In this second stage of GAS, the body adapts and compensates in an attempt to restore balance.
What is the resistance stage?
Poverty, housing insecurity, and domestic violence are examples of these stressors that can negatively impact a family’s ability to promote health.
What are family stressors or social challenges?
This theorist identified life stages characterized by specific psychosocial tasks that must be mastered.
Who is Erik Erikson?
When children have chronic illness, this area of life is often disrupted, affecting learning and routine.
What is school attendance?
This type of communication—expressed through body language, facial expressions, and tone—often conveys meaning more accurately than spoken words.
What is nonverbal communication?
This final stage of GAS occurs when prolonged stress depletes coping mechanisms.
What is the exhaustion stage?
When viewing the family in this way, the nurse focuses primarily on how the family affects the patient’s health.
What is family as context?
Nurses use these theories to compare what behaviors should be present at a given age with what they actually observe.
What are developmental theories?
This model includes six elements focused on self-management, community support, and healthcare teamwork.
What is the Chronic Care Model?
Clarity, timing, vocabulary, and pacing are key elements of this form of communication.
What is verbal communication?
Nightmares, fear, and emotional detachment are common symptoms of this stress-related disorder.
What is posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
This perspective treats the family as interconnected parts where change in one member affects the whole unit.
What is family as a system?
Developmental theories help nurses evaluate these three broad areas of patient function: cognitive, physical, and _______.
What are psychosocial needs?
This term describes the physical, emotional, and financial strain experienced by those providing long-term care to a family member with chronic illness.
What is caregiver burden?
This model explains communication as dynamic and includes the referent, sender/receiver, message, channels, feedback, and environment.
What is the circular transactional model?
This model views stress as a system response and focuses on protecting the patient by strengthening lines of defense.
What is Neuman’s Systems Model?
This type of care requires continuous assessment and collaboration to address the changing needs of both patients and their loved ones.
What is family-centered care?
When a nurse identifies that a patient’s behavior differs from expected developmental norms, the nurse is recognizing this.
What is a developmental deviation or delay?
When chronic illness causes depression or isolation, nurses should assess this concept, which reflects a patient’s ability to cope with long-term illness demands.
What is psychosocial adaptation?
Nurses use this skill to interpret patient messages, reflect on past interactions, and correct misinformation.
What is critical thinking?
This adaptation-based model explains how individuals respond to stress using physiological and psychosocial coping mechanisms.
What is Roy’s Adaptation Model?
This unit remains the primary setting where health beliefs, values, and behaviors are first learned and reinforced.
What is the family?
Nurses use developmental theories during this stage of the nursing process to select age-appropriate interventions.
What is planning (or implementation)?
This key element of the Chronic Care Model focuses on preparing patients to manage symptoms, monitor their condition, and make lifestyle changes.
What is self-management support?
This mnemonic—Illness severity, Patient summary, Action items, Situational awareness, and Synthesis by receiver—supports safe handoff communication.
What is I-PASS?
When emotional demands exceed a nurse’s resources, this state of emotional and physical exhaustion may occur, often paired with reduced empathy.
What is compassion fatigue?
Evaluating the effectiveness of family nursing care involves comparing patient and family responses to these predetermined clinical expectations.
What are planned outcomes?
This phrase reflects the idea that development continues well past childhood and adolescence.
What is lifelong or across the lifespan?
A community with limited access to healthy food, transportation, and preventive screenings demonstrates barriers most closely linked to this broader public health concept.
What are social determinants of health?
Effective communication with older adults requires nurses to adapt these two aspects of their interaction to meet age-specific needs.
What are communication approaches or techniques?
This condition develops gradually from chronic workplace stress and can lead to poor decision-making and loss of professional identity.
What is burnout?
The ultimate aim of family nursing is to strengthen this ability among family members, enabling them to support one another effectively.
What is the ability to function or family functioning?
When a nurse adapts communication, teaching, and care strategies based on a patient’s developmental stage, they are applying this concept.
What is individualized or developmentally appropriate care?
In the Chronic Care Model, this specific element requires healthcare organizations to redesign workflows and policies to ensure that proactive, planned, and population-level care replaces reactive, acute-event–focused care.
What is delivery system design?
While therapeutic techniques build trust and promote healing, these types of techniques—such as giving unsolicited advice or minimizing feelings—can damage the nurse-patient relationship.
What are nontherapeutic communication techniques?
This form of intervention aims to restore a patient’s functioning after coping strategies fail, and may also promote long-term personal growth.
What is crisis intervention?
This overarching goal includes reducing barriers to care and supporting both the individual and the family toward achieving optimal health outcomes.
What is the goal of family nursing?
Nurses rely on developmental theories to understand normal patterns, identify deviations, and guide interventions—all essential components of this nursing framework.
What is the nursing process?