Acute Kidney Injury
This electrolyte imbalance is commonly seen in AKI and can lead to complications such as cardiac arrhythmias.
What is hyperkalemia?
This term describes the accumulation of fluid in the lungs due to impaired kidney function, often seen in advanced CKD.
What is pulmonary edema?
This type of vascular access is commonly used for hemodialysis and involves connecting an artery to a vein to create a high-flow access site.
What is an arteriovenous fistula (AV fistula)?
This medication is commonly used in kidney transplant recipients to prevent rejection of the donor kidney.
What is an immunosuppressant?
This medication is given to renal disease patients who have renal anemia.
What is Erythropoietin alfa (Epogen, Procit)?
This treatment modality is often used in severe cases of AKI to remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood.
What is hemodialysis or continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)?
This stage of CKD is characterized by kidney damage with a mild decrease in GFR(60-89 mL/min).
What is stage 2 CKD?
This type of vascular access is used for temporary hemodialysis and involves inserting a catheter into a large vein, typically in the neck or groin.
What is a central venous catheter (CVC)?
After a kidney transplant, this is a sign that kidney is in rejection, has an obstruction, or AKI.
What is an abrupt decrease in urine output?
This type of dialysis involves the use of the peritoneum as a semi-permeable membrane to remove waste products and excess fluid from the body.
What is peritoneal dialysis?
A nurse is caring for a patient with acute kidney injury (AKI) would see decreased levels this key characteristic in their renal lab panel.
What is glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
This stage of CKD is characterized by severely reduced GFR and is often referred to as end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
What is Stage 5 CKD (Kidney failure, GFR <15 mL/min)?
Used in patients with AKI who are hemodynamically unstable or unable to tolerate intermittent hemodialysis. It is also used in patients with fluid overload or electrolyte imbalances.
What is continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH)?
This is a common early postoperative complication of kidney transplant characterized by a decrease in urine output and an increase in serum creatinine.
What is acute tubular necrosis (ATN)?
A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a patient with acute kidney injury (AKI). The nurse would note that the patient potentially has had one of these three pre-renal AKI causes listed in the chart.
What is heart failure, hypovolemia, or sepsis?
This type of AKI is caused by urinary tract obstructions that prevent the flow of urine from the kidneys.
What is post-renal AKI?
This condition is a common complication of CKD and is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.
What is ascites?
This complication of peritoneal dialysis occurs when the peritoneal membrane becomes inflamed, leading to abdominal pain and cloudy dialysis effluent.
What is peritonitis?
This complication of kidney transplant procedure occurs 48 hours after surgery and causes the body to form small blood clots occluding the donor kidney.
What is hyperacute rejection?
As a nurse caring for a patient with CKD, these nursing assessments are critical in monitoring kidney disease progression.
What are signs of fluid overload, neurologic depression, blood pressure control, and electrolyte imbalances?
This class of medications is commonly used in the management of hyperkalemia in patients with AKI, as they promote the excretion of potassium in the urine.
What are potassium-sparing diuretics?
This medication is commonly used in CKD to help manage hypertension and reduce proteinuria. (2 potential answers)
What is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)?
This complication of hemodialysis occurs when the dialysis machine is unable to remove enough fluid from the body, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath and fluid overload.
What is dialysis disequilibrium syndrome?
This is a common long-term complication of kidney transplant characterized by a gradual decline in kidney function over time.
What is chronic allograft nephropathy?
This macronutrient is restricted in renal disease patients' diet.