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Cognitive Development
Physical Development
Socioemotional Development
Terms and Concepts
Random
100
Define what occurs during the Concrete Operational Period, according to Piaget?
Children's mental activities become more logical with respect to actual objects and materials, still lacks abstract thinking (no idea of justice and democracy). This typically occurs during the middle childhood stages (7-12 years old)
100
Most growth during middle childhood occurs during which time of day?
At night
100
Define what occurs in the industry vs. inferiority stage according to Erikson.
Children develop a view of themselves as industrious when they win recognition by producing things beside and with others. Here is a good link to help you study more about this stage: http://www.vtaide.com/blessing/ERIK4.htm
100
1. The eating disorder that involves starvation. 2. The eating disorder that involves binge eating and then purging pattern
1. Anorexia 2. Bulimia
100
When adolescents believe that others are as interested in them as they are themselves, as well as attention getting behavior is called what?
Imaginary audience
200
The ability to divide or sort objects into different sets or subset to consider their interrelations in called:
Classification
200
Which type of individuals in middle childhood are more likely to be teased and excluded from friendship groups?
Children that are obese
200
Define what occurs in: 1. The preconventional stage 2. The conventional stage 3. The postconventional stage according to Kohlberg
1. Moral decisions are based on the rewards and punishments that could be associated with an action or behavior. 2. Morality is judged on whether the behavior conforms to social rules and whether it will be approved of by others. 3. Societal rules are considered relative; principled such as justice, fairness, and the sanctity of life guide decisions about moral behavior.
200
The sense of uniqueness, invincibility, or invulnerability is called?
Personal Fable
200
The three leading causes of death in adolescents?
accidents, homicide, and suicide
300
The understanding that relations can be returned to their original state by reversing operations (As long as nothing has been added or subtracted) is called?
Reversibility
300
What are growing pains?
Pains that are result of increase physical activity and using muscles that have not bee used before. Pain that that is around the knees, thigh, calves
300
The idea of "birds of a feather, flock together" ... or that idea that children like to be friends with people that are similar to them and like the same things, is called?
Homophily
300
Define the five different types of peer groups.
1. Popular (high peer acceptance; low peer rejection) 2. Rejected (low peer acceptance; high peer rejection) 3. Controversial (high peer acceptance; high peer rejection) 4. Neglect (low peer acceptance; low peer rejection) 5. Average (middle of everything, most children are this) Look at the chart in the Chapter 10 power point notes!
300
What began the idea of adolescence?
Industrialization
400
Define what occurs during the formal operation stage, according to Piaget?
conjure make-believe situations, abstract propositions, events that are purely hypothetical and can try to reason logically about them. Trial and error, hypothetical-deductive reasoning
400
Powerful chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the bloodstream are called?
Hormones. Boys have testosterone Girls have estradiol (or estrogen)
400
What stage occurs during adolescence according to Erikson, what does it include?
Identity vs. Identity Confusion/Diffusion During adolescence, children are exploring their independence and developing a sense of self.
400
Gender is linked to what for boys and what for girls?
Boys - instrumentality (accomplishment) Girls - expressivity (collaboration)
400
What are internalizing problems; give examples
Psychosocial problem that is turned inwards, inside the individual... depression, anxiety, phobias
500
The prefrontal cortex is responsible for what?
reasoning, decision making, and self-control
500
Early maturing boys are more likely to perceive themselves as? Early maturing girls are more likely to do what?
Boys = perceive themselves more positively; have more successful peer relations; people look up to them! Girls = more likely to smoke, drink, be depressed, have eating disorders, struggle for early independence from parents, have older friends, early dating, and early sexual experiences
500
Define a clique. Define a crowd.
Clique = small group (2-12 people); defined by common activities or friendship and helps develop social skills Crowd = membership is based on reputation or stereotypes; contribute to adolescent's sense of identity and self-conceptions (goths, jocks, nerds, cheerleaders, druggies, hippies)
500
What are externalizing problems; give examples
Psychological problem that is manifested antisocial behavior (intended to harm or deliberately violate society's norms). Example: bullying (think of others!).
500
The most commonly used drug in adolescents is?
alcohol