Meiosis
How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis?
4 daughter cells
These are observable traits of an organism.
What was the genetic material identified by Hershey and Chase?
What is DNA?
The final product of gene expression that determines traits.
This structure is the site of protein synthesis.
What is a ribosome?
Explain the difference between haploid and diploid.
n, 2n
Only one copy of each chromosome, 2 sets of chromosomes
Meiosis v.s. mitosis
What genotypic ratio would a Ff and ff cross produce?
1:1 ratio
What process allows DNA polymerase to correct mismatched bases DURING replication?
What is Proofreading?
A mutation caused by a single base change
What is a point mutation?
This process allows different combinations of exons to be joined, producing multiple proteins from one gene.
What is alternative splicing?
When an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes.
Polyploidy.
Allele pairs separate during gamete formation according to what?
Law of segregation
What term describes DNA strands running in the 5' to 3' direction?
What is antiparallel?
This molecule carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.
What is mRNA?
This brings amino acids to the ribosome
What is tRNA?
What goes wrong during nondisjunction?
Chromosomes fail to separate properly during cell division.
Each gene is located on a specific part of the chromosome called this.
What breaks hydrogen bonds to separate DNA strands?
What is helicase?
Original sequence ->
AUG UUU UGG GGA UAA
New Sequence->
AUG UUU UGA GGA UAA
What mutation is this?
What is a nonsense mutation?
A complex of adenines added to mRNA and helps with stability and export from the nucleus.
What is a poly-A tail?
What important event occurs during prophase l?
Crossing Over.
A single gene affecting multiple traits is called what?
What is pleiotropy?
What molecule provides a free 3' OH group for DNA polymerase to begin synthesizing?
What is a primer?
Codons have many properties as discussed in lecture, what does describing them as "unambiguous" mean?
One codon never codes for more than one amino acid.
What are the non-coding sequences removed from pre-mRNA during RNA processing, AND the remaining sequences that are expressed?
Introns (removed) Exons (kept)