Fluid & Electrolytes
Fluid found outside of the cells and mostly in intravascular spaces, about 20% of body weight.
What is extracellular fluid (ECF)?
Lower pH value is considered to be under what number and deemed acidic or basic
7.35 (acidic)
An infection caused by a microorganism that flourishes because of a host's deficient immune system
What is an Opportunistic Infection?
The type of fracture that consists of the crushing of cancellous bone.
What is a Compression Fracture?
Anatomic barriers (like skin), Normal flora, WBCs, Protective enzymes & chemicals are examples of what kind of immunity and acts as your body's 1st or 2nd line of defense?
Innate Immunity & First Line of Defense
The concentration of solutes/kg solution.
What is Osmolality?
What does respiratory compensation look like if our pH is too basic?
Decrease in ventilation so CO2 is retained and H+ ion level is elevated, lowering pH.
State 3 factors that decrease host resistance.
Age, Genetic Susceptibility, Immunodeficiency of any type, Malnutrition, Chronic diseases, Severe physical or Emotional stress, Inflammation or trauma, Impaired inflammatory response
Tissue pressure exceeds perfusion pressure in closed anatomical space and immediate surgical evaluation is indicated
What is Compartment syndrome?
The cell that develop from monocytes and engulf foreign material as well as the engulfment process name.
Macrophages & Phagocytosis
Synthesized by hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary; stimulates kidney nephron to reabsorb more water.
What is ADH (also known as vasopressin)?
Normal range is 8 to 16 mEq/L and this measurement is between negative and positive charged electrolytes.
What is the principle of infection that occurs occasionally, singly, or in irregular or random instances?
Sporadic occurrence
Signs include chronic neck pain that can radiate to the shoulders and down the arms, numbness and tingling in the arm or hand, and weakness of the arm or hand.
What is cervical DDD (Degenerative Disc Disease)?
Example of type of immunity provided by Passive natural immunity?
Decreased neuromuscular excitability, weakness, renal calculi, cardiac arrhythmias
What are signs of Hypercalcemia?
Treatment includes slow respiration and breathing into paper bag.
What is the treatment for Respiratory Alkalosis?
The term for an inanimate object that acts as the intermediary during indirect contact
A fomite
Uric acid crystals may be deposited in subcutaneous tissue and hyperuricemia triggers this disorder's inflammation.
What is Gout?
Signs include morning stiffness and Baker's cysts
What are late signs of RA?
The electrolyte involved in muscle contraction, cardiac rhythms, synthesis of ATP, & neuronal signaling
What is Potassium?
Causing restlessness, muscle twitching, tingling and numbness of the fingers, tetany, seizures, coma are signs of:
Effects of Alkalosis
Assumption that all bodily fluids from all patients are sources of any infection or pathogens.
Often presents as low back pain and stiffness, begins in young adults (early 20s), pain is centered over sacrum, decreased flexion of spine occurs, sacroiliitis
What are signs of Ankylosing Spondylitis?
1. Compatible manifestations
2. Exclusion of other diseases
3. Histopathologic detection of non-caseating granulomas
What are the three elements required for diagnosis of Sarcoidosis?