Urinary System
Where is urine produced?
Kidneys
How many teaspoons of sugar does a typical soda have?
10 teaspoons of sugar!
What are the 2 principal parts to the nervous system?
Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
What is perception?
The brain processing action potentials and creating an understanding of the sensation.
What is the function of the Endocrine system?
To produce and circulate hormones
What are the 3 main steps to urine formation?
Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.
What is the difference between whole grains and refined grains?
Refined grains have their bran layer removed.
What are the 2 main hormones associated with the flight or fight response?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine.
What senses are chemoreceptors associated with?
Taste and smell
What is the function of a hormone?
Causes DNA in cells to turn on or off sequences that code for proteins.
What happens during glomerular filtration?
Plasma is filtered out of the capillaries into the glomerulus.
What does the glycemic index measure?
How quickly carbohydrate-containing foods raise blood glucose levels after consumption.
What is the functionality of interneurons?
Interneurons receive input from sensory neurons, integrate this information, and influence the functioning of other neurons.
People who are colorblind are missing what kind of specialized cells?
They are missing some photoreceptors. (Bonus Q: What type of photoreceptors are they missing?
What is the mechanism of nonsteroid hormones on target cells?
Nonsteroid hormones act by binding to receptors on the cell’s surface, which initiates a series of events that ultimately alters cellular activity. (Bonus Q: What about steroid hormones?)
Why are we able to donate a kidney and continue to live a healthy life?
We have 2 kidneys and one is sufficient to perform the work.
Why are 10 amino acids referred to as “essential amino acids”?
Those amino acids are not produced in our body. (Bonus Q: what are 3 foods that contain all 10 essential amino acids?)
What are the 3 parts that make up a neuron?
Cell body, dendrites, and axon. (Bonus Q: What is the function of an axon?)
How does our tongue detect different tastes?
Our tongue has many different receptor cells and each one detects a specific molecule.
What hormone do females have more of compared to males and less of?
Females have more estrogen and progesterone and less testosterone.
What are all the ways our bodies excrete wastes from our body?
Urine, feces, sweat, and respiration.
Why do saturated fats have negative consequences to your health?
Bind with cholesterol to add plaque and increase coronary artery disease
What are the 2 division of the peripheral nervous system and what do they control?
Somatic motor system controls conscious muscle movement. Autonomic motor system controls involuntary muscle movement. (Bonus Q: what are 2 involuntary muscle movements?)
Describe the process of hearing?
Pressure waves enter the ear and the vibrations transfer through multiple parts to reach the hair cells. The hair cells send action potentials based on vibrational intensity and frequency to the CNS.
What are 3 hormonal changes when we become happy and what are their effects on the body?
Oxytocin (bonding hormone) lowers blood pressure, reduces stress levels, decreases inflammation, and enhances immune function. Endorphins creates euphoric feelings and reduces perception of pain. Adrenaline increases excitement and exhilaration. Estrogen anti-inflammatory effects. Progesterone reduces anxiety, promotes muscle relaxation, and improve sleep quality