Respiratory
Circulatory
Osmoregulatory/ Urinary
Immune system
Reproduction/ Development
100
Fish and crustaceans are similar in that both use _________blank for gas exchange.
What are Gills?
100
The liquid portion of blood that contains metabolites, wastes, hormones, ions, and a variety of proteins is called the _________blank.
What is Plasma?
100
The organ that performs filtration of blood, reabsorption, and secretion in vertebrates is the _________.
What is the Kidney?
100
What are the source of antibody-producing cells?
What are B cells
100
What is the primary means of reproduction among the protists, cnidaria, and tunicates?
What is Asexual Reproduction?
200
In tissue capillaries, _________blank combines with water to form carbonic acid, which after being transported to the lungs, dissociates back to its constituents.
What is CO2?
200
Blood is pumped from the heart into the arterial system, which branches from arteries into fine _________blank.
What are Arterioles?
200
In vertebrates, most of the fluid that ultimately exits the body as urine first enters the nephron tubules by the process of _________.
What is Filtration?
200
What cells are phagocytes that can also present antigens to cells?
What are Macrophages?
200
The immotile sperm develop motility in about 18 hours after arriving at the long, coiled tube called the ___________.
What is the Epididymis?
300
The most efficient lungs with respect to oxygen uptake are found in this group of vertebrates.
What are Birds?
300
Mammalian, bird, and crocodile hearts have four chambers with two separate atria and ventricles to ensure _________ different circuits for blood flow.
What is Two?
300
Kidneys are thought to have evolved first among the _________.
What are Freshwater fishes?
300
_________ diseases are those abnormal conditions in which the body's defensive cells fail to make the self versus the nonself distinction correctly, and attack the body's own tissues.
What are autoimmune?
300
What was the most important adaptation of the reptiles and birds to life on land?
What is the Amniotic Egg?
400
Each breath is initiated by neurons in the "respiratory control center" located in the __________.
What is the Medulla Oblongata?
400
In 2012, Lance Armstrong was stripped of his record-setting, seven Tour de France titles and banned for life from competitive cycling because of his alleged use of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs). One of the PEDs Armstrong was accused of taking is erythropoietin (EPO). Why would systematic use of this PED give Armstrong an unfair advantage in a bike race?
What is EPO stimulates red blood cell production by the bone marrow?
400
Marine reptiles eliminate excess NaCl by means of _________blank located near the nose or the eye.
What are salt glands?
400
What molecules are released by activated helper T cells?
What are Cytokines?
400
What mammals retain their young for a long period of development within the mother's uterus?
What are Placental mammals?
500
Tim, who is an avid cyclist, is struck by a car during an organized bike ride. Two of his ribs are broken, puncturing his chest wall on the right side. What will most likely happen to his lungs?
His left lung will be okay, but his right lung will collapse.
500
Joaquin is suffering from congestive heart failure, in which blood flow is backed up in his lungs and excess fluid is escaping the blood and accumulating in his lung tissue. If untreated, increasing pulmonary edema will lead to death by suffocation. What is the most-likely cause of Joaquin's congestive heart failure?
What is Contraction of his left ventricle is not keeping up with contraction of his right ventricle?
500
In mammalian kidneys, blood in the vasa recta and fluid in the loop of Henle flow in opposite directions to create a _________ multiplier system.
What is Countercurrent?
500
What are on the surface of most vertebrate cells, acting as markers of "self"?
What are major histocompatibility complex proteins?
500
New mothers may benefit from the aid of lactation consultants when learning to breastfeed. These consultants give advice on technique, and help the mother to feel relaxed and confident. What hormone is associated with calm, warm emotions and is also critical for the milk let-down reflex?
What is Oxytocin?