Name that Hormone
This hormone is produced by alpha cells in the pancreas.
What is glucagon?
Hormones work to preserve muscle glycogen by increasing availability of this substrate.
What are free fatty acids (fat)?
This structure in the cardiac conduction system directly contributes to rapid conduction across the ventricles leading to ventricular contraction.
What are Purkinje fibers?
What is parasympathetic withdrawal (removal)?
Gas exchange between the air and alveoli occur at this structure
What is the respiratory membrane?
This hormone is permissive and regulates metabolic rate.
What is Thyroid hormone?
During exercise, concentrations of this hormone go up, and then back down.
What is cortisol?
Ventricular depolarization is represented by this part of an EKG signal.
What is the QRS complex?
Cardiac Output, Blood Volume, and Muscle/Thoracic pumps contribute to increased Preload by increasing this variable.
What is venous return to the heart?
For air to enter the lungs, the ribcage must do this.
What is expand?
This hormone(s) increases contractility of the heart and increases blood pressure.
What are the catecholamines (Epinephrine and Norepinephrine)?
Insulin levels decrease during exercise as a result of this phenomenon.
What is the insulin-like effect of exercise (or muscle)?
Vasoconstriction and vasodilation are regulated by this vascular structure!
What are arterioles?
SV plateaus during exercise due to maxed out contractility and this.
What is reduced (ventricular) filling time?
What is bicarbonate?
What is GLUT-4 (transporter)?
Depletion of this substrate increases with exercise intensity.
What is muscle glycogen?
This relationship posits that preload is directly related to the stretching of the ventricles during diastole.
What is the Frank-Starling mechanism/law?
This measure of extraction increases with exercise intensity
What is a-vO2 Difference?
The Ventilatory Breakpoint is the point at which ventilation exceeds oxygen consumption, primarily driven by this metabolic byproduct.
What is H+?
These hormones increase fat mobilization!
What are glucagon, growth hormone, catecholamines, and cortisol?
Concentrations of sympathetic hormones begin to increase at this intensity level!
40-56% VO2 Max
This is the Cardiac Output (Q) of an individual with a Stroke Volume (SV) of 0.05L and a Heart Rate (HR) of 140BPM.
What is 7 (L/min)?
The oxygen consumption (VO2) of an individual with a Heart Rate of 140BPM, a SV of 0.05L, and an a-vO2 diff of 0.016 L.
What is VO2 = 0.112 L/min?
A right shift in the oxyhemoglobin curve is caused by this.
What is increasing body temperature and decreasing pH (H+)?