Wildcard 1
Causation and developmental history of a psychological disorder
Etiology
Medical model
A type of attachment where children seek contact with their caregiver and neither distressed when they leave nor comforted when they return.
Avoidant attachment
A type of attachment where infants are anxious around their caregiver, and both distressed when they leave and unable to be calmed when they return.
Anxious-ambivalent attachment
Are comfortable when their caregiver is present, display symptoms of distress when they leave, and are comforted when they return.
Secure attachment.
This disorder is marked by sadness and despair that is persistent, and a loss of interest in activities one previously enjoyed.
Major Depressive Disorder.
Disorder that is marked by chronic, high levels of anxiety, but where no specific harm is present
Generalized anxiety disorder
Useful benchmarks for measuring development
Developmental norms
Disorder marked by both depressive and manic episodes
Bipolar disorder
This theory of cognitive development views language as essential, and views interacting with members of their culture a vital part of development
Ongoing exploration of the world, and mastering specific tasks, drives this form of development
Motor development
Speech consisting mainly of content words, articles (e.g., a, an, the), and prepositions (e.g., in, on)
Telegraphic speech
This disorder is marked by sudden, unexpected, and overwhelming anxiety.
Panic disorders.
A child uses a word to describe a wider set of objects than what it actually refers to
Overgeneralization
This disorder is hallucinations and delusions, as well as disorganized speech and disorganized thinking, among other symptoms.
Schizophrenia
Grammatical rules that are applied to irregular forms (e.g., "eated" instead of "ate")
Over-regularization
This disorder is marked by a fear of being out in public places, often due to fear of being unable to extract oneself from their environment in the event of having a panic attack
Agoraphobia
These four stages (sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational) make up this theory of cognitive development
Piaget's Stage Theory
Deviance, maladaptive behavior, and personal distress are criteria for what?
Abnormal behavior
Disorder that is marked by "persistent, uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts and urges to engage in compulsive rituals"
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Critics of the DSM-5 have questioned whether the DSM-5 should move from a _______ approach to a ________ approach of diagnosis.
Categorical, dimensional.
A personality disorder marked by unstable social relationships, unstable self-image, and unstable emotional functioning.
Borderline Personality Disorder
Conservation, centration, irreversibility, and egocentrism comprise which stage of which theory of cognitive development?
Pre-operational period of Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development.
New directions in the field of clinical psych are recognizing the role of ________ and _________ in the development of psychological disorders.
Early life stress, genetic overlap.
In toddlerhood, this form of vocabulary is larger than their productive vocabulary
Receptive vocabulary