Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders
These are the three classic "poly" signs of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
What are polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
This clinical presentation is the most common neurological deficit seen regardless of whether a stroke is ischemic or hemorrhagic.
What is unilateral motor weakness?
Parkinson's disease is a slowly progressing movement disorder resulting directly from the destruction of brain cells that produce this critical neurotransmitter
What is dopamine?
These conditions make up the "3 D's" of cognitive impairment, which are highly frequent in older adults but are not a normal consequence of aging.
What are delirium, dementia, and depression?
In older adults, a formal medical diagnosis of hypertension requires a blood pressure reading of > 140/90 mmHg taken on this many separate occasions.
What is three separate occasions
Medical diagnosis of diabetes requires the results of two of three possible tests performed on this specific timeframe schedule.
What is on two different days
Reperfusion therapy using rt-PA can only be administered if a CT or MRI confirms the absence of hemorrhage and it is within this timeframe of symptom onset.
What is 3-4 hours?
This standard combination medication is used for the direct clinical management of Parkinson's disease symptoms.
What is Sinemet (levodopa-carbidopa)?
This neurological disturbance is defined as a motor speech disorder that specifically impairs a person's ability to plan and sequence voluntary speech muscle movements.
What is verbal apraxia (or apraxia of speech)?
This rapid and completely irregular heartbeat can happen persistently or intermittently, placing the patient at a heightened risk for dementia and stroke-related mortality.
What is atrial fibrillation?
To monitor the effectiveness of diabetes treatments, this laboratory value indicates the patient's average plasma glucose level over the previous 90 days.
What is Hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c)?
These two specific nonmodifiable risk factors are the primary causes of a life-threatening spontaneous vessel rupture leading to a hemorrhagic stroke.
What are uncontrolled hypertension and blood vessel malformations?
This specific type of medication is indicated for patients experiencing middle to late-stage Alzheimer's disease to slow cognitive decline.
What is an N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist / Namenda?
A patient who speaks easily with long runs of words that make absolutely no sense and strings unrelated words together is exhibiting this specific form of aphasia.
What is fluent (Wernicke’s) aphasia?
Under the New York Heart Association classification, a patient with Class III Heart Failure exhibits this specific level of functional limitation.
What is marked limitation in physical activity (though comfortable at rest)?
This autoimmune disorder is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells in a genetically susceptible person, typically before the age of 30.
What is Type 1 Diabetes?
This specific vascular complication often develops after a stroke in an immobilized affected limb, making active prevention critical.
What is a blood clot / deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
These three specific types of muscle rigidity are assessed in patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease.
What are cogwheel, plastic, and lead pipe rigidity?
This cognitive syndrome is distinguished by an insidious, slow onset occurring over years, which is often unrecognized until deficits become obvious.
What is dementia?
Older adults with advanced chronic bronchitis are often clinically referred to by this colorful nickname due to chronic sputum production, coughing, and cyanosis.
What are "Blue Bloaters"?
This specific term describes a reduced cell response to insulin in the muscles, liver, and fat, which is heavily linked to obesity and physical inactivity.
What is insulin resistance?
These are the four main systemic and vascular causes of ischemic cerebrovascular events.
What are arterial disease, cardioembolic events, hematological disorders, and systemic hypoperfusion?
Due to a total lack of spontaneous movement, Parkinson's patients are at an exceptionally high risk for developing this skin impairment.
What are pressure injuries?
In the acronym DELIRIUM used to track precipitating causes, the letters "R" and "I" stand for these four combined risk factors.
What are Rx (polypharmacy/psychotropics), Injury, pain, and stress?
Instead of a typical fever and productive cough, an older adult experiencing an acute episode of pneumonia will often present with these atypical systemic signs.
What are falling, mental status changes, signs of confusion, general deterioration, weakness, or anorexia?