Motives
What are motivations? What are the four theories covered?
The need or desire that energizes and directs behavior. The four theories are the instinct (Evolutionary) theory, the drive-reduction theory, the arousal theory, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs
If someone is starving to death, are they worried about where they are going to sleep for the week?
No, they are most worried about satisfying their base physiological needs of hunger and thirst.
What chemical in your body helps break down glucose? If you have Diabetes, this chemical is either inactive or unavailable.
Insulin
What is the difference between situational attributions and dispositional attributions?
Situational- it is the situation that drives someone's behavior
Dispositional- it is the person's personality that drives their behavior
What is our affiliation need?
Why do we do something according to the Drive-Reduction theory?
We have a physiological need that creates an aroused tension state (drive) that then motivates an organism (us) to satisfy this need. We want to maintain homeostasis
Living to the fullest and greatest of your potential is an example of what part of Maslow's hierarchy?
Self-actualization. You have found your purpose in life and do what you were "meant" to do
What is the rate at which your body consumes calories while you are resting called?
Basal Metabolic Rate
The guy in front of me ran the red light. He obviously wasn't paying attention and has no respect for anyone else. What kind of attribution is this?
Dispositional attribution
What are the three needs that we want to satisfy with self-determination theory?
Competence, autonomy (personal control), and relatedness
What is Yerkes-Dodson' law?
Performance increases with arousal only up until a point, beyond which performance decreases. (Looks like a bell curve)
Carlos is beloved in his community. He truly feels he has found his calling with his artwork. According to Maslow, what is the highest need he has achieved?
Self-actualization
What is the theory that says we have a "predetermined weight" that our body will try to maintain?
Set-point/Settling-point
Nancy eats a lot of candy. She knows it is bad for her health and bad for her teeth, but she continues doing it. She justifies this behavior by saying she will work out more and brush her teeth. What is this an example of?
Cognitive dissonance theory
What are some of the downsides of social media?
Increased feelings of depression, increased isolation, etc.
Why do we do something according to instinct theory?
We are genetically predisposed to some behavior, they are fixed, unlearned patterns throughout species. (Ex: Migration, building nests, mating rituals, shaking water off)
Maslow's hierarchy says that you need to satisfy your belongingness and love needs before you can satisfy your esteem needs. By losing her community, this part of the pyramid was gone.
What chemical hormone indicates to your body that you are hungry? It decreases while you eat and prepares your body to eat
Ghrelin (Think grillin')
I really snapped at someone during class today. In my defense, I have had a really hard day, and the room was super hot. I'm not a mean person! What attribution is this an example of?
Situational attribution
What was the study on conformity, and how was it performed?
Asch Line Study. Had confederates in a group say the wrong answer for which line matched the one displayed. The participants were then more likely to agree with the incorrect answer when more confederates pointed to it.
Why do we do something according to Arousal theory?
We are motivated to engage in behaviors that increase or decrease arousal levels. High arousal levels (stressed) motivate us to engage in behaviors that will lower these levels. Low arousal levels (boredom) motivate us to do things that will increase arousal.
What is the difference between self-actualization and self-transcendence?
Self-actualization is realizing your potential and your purpose. Self-transcendence is finding meaning beyond just yourself, finding the meaning of life (often religious, think of it like reaching Nirvana)
What chemical in your body is the satiety hormone, basically suppressing food intake?
Leptin
What is the fundamental attribution error?
We tend to rely heavily on situational attributions for ourselves and those we know well (benefit of the doubt), and attribute the behavior of others to their personality (dispositional attribution).
What was the famous study on obedience, and how was it performed?
Milgram Obedience Study. They had participants administer electric shocks to "learners" because the experimenter told them they must continue. Many people went up to the lethal levels of shock.