What is glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
100
The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
What is O2 (oxygen). e- + O2 + H+ --> H2O
100
Name the two photosystems in order.
What is photosystem II and photosystem I.
100
Describe the purpose of the Calvin Cycle.
What is to use light reactions products to make G3P from CO2
100
What is a centrosome?
What is consists of 2 centrioles. Is the microtubule organizing center in animals and some plants.
200
Glycolysis consists of two stages: the energy _____ stage where 2 _____ are invested and the energy _____ stage where a total of 4 _____, 2 _____, 2 _____, and 2 _____ are produced.
What is investment; ATP; payoff; ATP; H2O; pyruvate; NADH.
200
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs here. Where are the protons pumped?
What is the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. Proton are pumped into the intermembrane space.
200
What is the purpose of the light reactions?
The convert solar E to chemical energy (makes ATP and electron carriers) to be used by the Calvin cycle.
Bonus (200 pts): Plants have both chloroplasts and mitochondria. When does photosynthesis and respiration occur (in the light or in the dark)?
200
The name of the enzyme used in the Calvin Cycle is _____. This enzyme can fix _____.
A. Rubisco; CO2
B. Rubisco; CO2 and O2
C. RuBP; CO2
D. RuBP: CO2 and O2
What is B
200
What are the two main stages in the cell cycle? Name the stages of mitosis (be able to label them from a picture).
What is interphase and mitotic phase (NOT Mitosis).
Prophase --> Prometaphase --> Metaphase --> Anaphase --> Telophase
300
Pyruvate oxidation occurs here
What is the mitochondrial matrix
bonus (200 points): which stages of respiration releases water? Which release CO2?
300
The purpose of electron transport chains.
What is to make proton gradients
300
Name and describe the relevant parts of the plant that are used for photosynthesis.
What are stomata, roots, thylakoids, granum, chloroplasts, chlorophyll, and stroma.
300
Name and describe the three phases of the Calvin cycle
What is carbon fixation, reduction, regeneration
300
Where are the checkpoints and what do each check for?
What is G1; G2; M (prometaphase)
400
Describe the citric acid cycle. What is used and what is produced in this process?
The citric acid cycle breaks down acetyl CoA into 2CO2. During this process 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 are produced. NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers that are used in the electron transport chain.
400
What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction between ADP and Pi? What is this type of phosphorylation called? How many ATP are generated?
What is ATP synthase; oxidative phosphorylation; 25 ATP (per glucose).
400
Describe the path of electrons through the light reactions.
What is ...
Bonus (200 pts): what is the purpose of water?
400
Where does the Calvin cycle occur and what is generated?
What is ...
400
Explain what cancer is in terms of the cell cycle. Which checkpoint is likely "messed up".
What is G1 checkpoint.
Bonus (400 pts): How many chromosomes are there in each stage of the cell cycle in an organism with 23 homologous chromosomes? How many DNA molecules?
500
Explain substrate-level phosphorylation.
What is ...
Bonus question (300 points): This product produced in the first three stages of respiration.
500
Explain fermentation (include both types). Why does fermentation occur when oxygen is absent.
What is ...
Fermentation occurs to regenerate NAD+ to be used by glycolysis. We get a little bit of energy out, but not much in comparison to oxidative phosphorylation.
Oxygen is not present to accept the electron in the ETC which backs up the processes in respiration to glycolysis.
Bonus (200 pts): The ETC includes what?
500
____ is passed from chlorophyll to the reaction center. _____ is passed from the reaction center to a carrier in photosystem II. In photosystem I the electron lands where?
What is energy; electron; NADPH.
Bonus (300 pts): What is produced from the light reactions?
Side note: understand oxidation and reduction reactions.
500
What is the difference between C3, C4, and CAM plants?
What is ...
500
Describe MPF and its relation to the cell cycle.
What is ...
Bonus (100 pts): Describe something from Dr. Cole's lecture.