Respiratory
Anatomy
Anatomy
Which lung is larger
Right lung
List the 4 main functions of the respiratory system
Movement of gas
O2/CO2 exchange
Odor detection
Sound production
What are the accessory digestive organs
teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
What does salivary amylase breakdown do AND where is it secreted
glucose and starch AND by salivary glands
Define compliance
ease of which lungs and chest wall expand
What structures are in the lower respiratory tract
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Alveoli
What is pulmonary ventilation
Bonus 50 pts: (what are the 2 cyclic phases)
air moving between atmosphere and alveoli
Bonus: inspiration and expiration
List the 4 tunics of that make up the GI wall
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa
What is the role of gastrin
stimulates stomach secretions, like HCl, and motility
What structure lines the respiratory tract?
Ciliated columnar epithelium
How do you find partial pressure
total pressure x % of gas = partial pressure
(atmospheric pressure = 760 mmHg at sea level
nitrogen is 78.6% of gas in the air
760 x .786 = 597 mmHg of partial pressure of nitrogen)
What are the rugae and where is it found
gastric folds found on the internal stomach lining when stomach is empty
What do CCK and secretin have in common (2 reasons)
inhibits gastric motility and gastric secretions and released from small intestine in response to chyme
Define the cooperative binding effect
saturation increases as PO2 increases
What structure is responsible for sound, protects respiratory tract, and creates intra abdominal pressure?
Larynx
What causes quiet expiration
VRG is inhibited, signal is stopped to inspiratory muscles, muscles relax
What nerve innervates the stomach from higher brain centers and the medulla oblongata
Vagus nerve
What are the 3 phases of swallowing
Voluntary phase
Pharyngeal phase
Esophageal phase
Muscles of forced inspiration and expiration (which muscles go with each)
inspiration: Sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, pectoralis minor, and serratus posterior superior
expiration: internal intercostals, abdominal muscles, transversus thoracis, and serratus posterior inferior
What causes a right shift in the Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve
Decreased affinity for O2
(increased PCO2, H+ levels, temp)
What are the cells of the stomach listed from superficial to deep
Surface mucous cell
Mucous neck cell
Parietal cell
Chief cell
G - cell
These cells establish basic rhythm of muscular contraction in the stomach by spontaneously depolarizing
Pacemaker cells in the stomach